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Human Factors

Human Factors . Aeronautical Decision Making. A systematic approach to the mental process used by aircraft pilots to consistently determine the best course of action in response to a given set of circumstances. Aeronautical Decision Making. D etect a change E stimate what is needed

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Human Factors

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  1. Human Factors

  2. Aeronautical Decision Making • A systematic approach to the mental process used by aircraft pilots to consistently determine the best course of action in response to a given set of circumstances

  3. Aeronautical Decision Making • D etect a change • E stimate what is needed • C hoose a successful outcome • I dentify actions required • D o the necessary • E valuate

  4. CRM • Crew resource management is the effective use of all available resources, human resources, hardware and information

  5. LOFT • Line-Oriented Flight Training is a developing training technology synthesizing high-fidelity aircraft simulation and high-fidelity line-operations simulation to provide realistic, dynamic pilot training in a simulated line environment.

  6. PIC Responsibilities • Understand roles • PF Pilot Flying • PNF Pilot Not Flying • Communication • Sender • Medium • Receiver

  7. Resource Use • Other Pilot/passengers • Navigation equipment • Flight Service Station • Instrument charts • Sectional and WAC charts • Pilot operating handbook

  8. Workload Management • What are the periods of high workload? • Takeoff and departure • Arrival • Approach and landing

  9. Workload management • What are the periods of low workload? • Preflight and taxi • Enroute • Taxi to the ramp

  10. Workload management • Things to be accomplished ahead of time • Organizing charts • Setting Radio frequencies • Writing down expected altitudes and route clearances • Prepare for what is to come next

  11. Situational Awareness • Know where you are • Know your own fitness • Know the condition of your plane • Know weather trends • Know ATC instructions

  12. Situational Awareness • Lack of situational awareness often leads to CFIT - Controlled Flight into Terrain • Poor interpretation of charts • Misunderstanding or misleading ATC clearances

  13. Aids to CFIT • GPWS - Ground proximity warning systems • EGPWS - Enhanced ground proximity warning system

  14. Common Sense • 5 P’s • Prior • Planning • Prevents • Poor • Performance

  15. Hazardous attitudes • Anti-authority • rules and procedures are unnecessary • Macho • best pilot • Impulsivity • first action that comes to mind

  16. Hazardous Attitudes • Invulnerability • bulletproof • Resignation • What’s the use?

  17. Aviation Physiology

  18. Disorientation • Kinesthetic sense is the term used to describe an awareness of position obtained from the nerves in your skin, joints and muscles.

  19. Spatial Disorientation • Conflict between the signals relayed by your central vision and information provided by your central vision • Movement of snow or rain out the window • Airplane next to you begins to taxi

  20. Vestibular Disorientation • Coriolis illusion(in turn move head) • Graveyard spiral • Leans • Somatogravic illusion (acceleration = climb) • Inversion illusion (climb to S&L= backwards)

  21. Disorientation • To prevent disorientation, one must rely on instruments, not body signals.

  22. Motion Sickness • Symptoms • Nausea • Sweating • Dizziness • Vomiting

  23. Hypoxia • Hypoxic • high altitudes • Hypemic • CO, anemia, smoking • Stagnant • high G’s • Histotoxic • alcohol, drugs

  24. Time of Useful Consciousness Altitude Time 45,000 9 to 15 Seconds 40,000 15 to 20 Seconds 30,000 1 to 2 Minutes 25,000 3 to 5 Minutes

  25. Supplemental Oxygen • Requirement for Part 91 differ from Part 135. • Part 91 • Crew 12,500 for over 30 minutes • Crew 14,000 for the duration of flight • All 15,000 for the duration of flight

  26. Decompression sickness • 12 hrs to 8000’ msl no decompression • 24 hrs if higher or with decompression

  27. Hyperventilation • Drowsiness • Dizziness • Shortness of breath • Feelings of suffocation

  28. IM SAFE • Illness • Medication • Stress • Alcohol • Fatigue • Emotion or Eat

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