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The determinants of health and individual human development of Australian’s children

The determinants of health and individual human development of Australian’s children. Chapter 7. Sun Protection 7.9. Skin cancer is a major risk to human health and development to children and adults in Australia.

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The determinants of health and individual human development of Australian’s children

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  1. The determinants of health and individual human development of Australian’s children Chapter 7

  2. Sun Protection 7.9 • Skin cancer is a major risk to human health and development to children and adults in Australia. • Overexposure to the sun as a child can significantly increase the risk of developing eye and skin damage and skin cancer as an adult • Sunburn is the reaction of exposure to UV radiation. • Overexposure to the sun and sunburn can also increase the risk skin caners • Preventative measures that can be taken include taking a ‘sun smart’ approach when out doors. The best way to be sun smart is to ‘slip on a t-shirt, slop on some sunscreen and, slap on a hat.’

  3. Vitamin D 7.9 • In Australia, the risk of developing skin cancer from too much sun exposure needs to be balanced with the need to maintain adequate vitamin D levels. People who are vitamin D deficient are at risk of rickets (soft and weaken bones) • The UV from the sunlight is required for the formation of vitamin D in the skin. It can also be found in small amounts in some food such as oil, fish, eggs and some dairy products. • Vitamin D is important to the developing child because it helps the body to absorb calcium through the small intestine . • Calcium is required for the ossification (hardening) of bones and teeth, and the functioning of muscles and nerves

  4. Skin cancer7.9 • There are three types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. • Melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin caner. It has the potential to spread to other parts of the body. • Melanoma is linked to the amount of lifetime exposure to the sun. • Sun protection during infancy and childhood is vital for reducing the risk of melanoma in adulthood. • Answer Test your knowledge questions 1-4 on page 223 and Apply you knowledge question 5.

  5. Physical Environment 7.10 • The Physical environment refers to the surroundings in which person lives in and the accessibility to resources such as housing, food, water, health services and recreational facilities . • It also refers to the environmental conditions in which a child lives impacts on the individual health and human development.

  6. Housing Environment 7.10 • Ideally a house provides shelter, a clean place in which to live, and protects children form the outdoor environment, including any physical dangers. • Not everybody has the ideal house and are forced to live overcrowding dwellings. Overcrowding causes further issues such as water supplies ( bathroom, kitchen, laundry, wastes disposals). • These factors as well as living in close proximity can cause infections and infectious diseases to spread. • Living in a low socio economic situation has been linked to a range of flow on effects. (see figure 7.31 P224)

  7. Safety in the home • According to Kidsafe Victoria, half of the deaths and three out of 4 injuries in the 0-5 age group occur at home. • Some of the major concerns in the home environment include: • Drowning • Access to medication and medical facilities • Falls from playground equipment • Falling from verandas and stairs • Burns and scalds • Choking • Dog bites Research three of the mentioned concerns. Answer the following questions; What are the causes?What are the percentages of children in the 0-5 age group that face the concerns? How can the concerns be prevented?

  8. Fluoridation of water • Fluoride is a natural mineral found in food, water, plants and toothpaste. • The fluoridation of water involves adding fluoride to the public water supply to reduce tooth decay. Fluoride reduces the amount of acid that is produced and bacteria in the mouth. • All capital cities in Australia has now has access to fluoridated water, with Brisbane being the last capital city to phase it in, in 2008. • The consumption of fluoridated water, along with a good nutrition and appropriate oral hygiene, helps protect children’s teeth by reducing the risk of tooth dcay. • Answer Test your knowledge questions 1-5 on page 227 and Apply you knowledge question 7.

  9. What to on with • If you have finished all task please move onto chapter 7, 7.11. Read the information on page 228-229. Access to recreational facilities. Read the case study on page 229 and answer the 3 questions attached to it. • Page 229 Test you knowledge 1-4

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