Clauses – Sentences Common Lesson for 8 th Grade Language Arts

1. Clauses – Sentences • Common Lesson for 8th Grade Language Arts • EQ: How do I identify simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences?

2. What is a simple sentence? • A sentence that has one independent clause. • Example: The boys ran to the bus stop.

3. What is an independent clause? • A group of words that (1) makes a complete statement, and (2) has a subject and a predicate. • Example: The eggs rolled off the counter.

4. What are the four different types of simple sentences? • A simple sentence has one independent clause that contains one subject and one verb – SV. • Example: The little girl was walking to the store.

5. Simple Sentences • A simple sentence has one independent clause that contains two subjects and one verb – SSV. • Example: The apples and the oranges were rolling across the counter.

6. Simple Sentences • A simple sentence has one independent clause that contains one subject and two verbs – SVV. • Example: The children were running and skipping in the yard.

7. Simple Sentences • A simple sentence has one independent clause that contains two subjects and two verbs – SSVV. • Example: Peter and Josh went hunting and fishing for their vacation.

8. What is a compound sentence? • A compound sentence is sentence with two independent clauses. • Example: Sarah is an art teacher, but she tutors math in the evening. • The rain came down heavily, and the creek flooded.

9. What is a coordinating conjunction? • A coordinating conjunction is a FAN BOY word used with a comma to join to independent clauses.

10. LEARN THESE!! Coordinating Conjunctions • What are the “FAN BOYS”? • F • A • N • B • O • Y • S • , FOR • , AND • , NOR • , BUT • , OR • , YET • , SO Coordinating conjunctions- join words, phrases, and clauses.

11. What is a semicolon? • A semicolon can be used in place of a comma and a FANBOY word to connect two independent clauses. • Example: Cathy went to the mountains; she hiked to the river.

12. What are the two types of compound sentences? • I , c I – Independent clause comma fanboy word independent clause • Example: Susan ran in the Boston Marathon, and Bill climbed Mount McKinley. • I ; I – Independent clause semicolon independent clause • Example: The boys went to the ballgame; the girls went to the dance.

13. What is a complex sentence? • A sentence that contains one independent clause and one or more dependent clause. • Example: When the store opened, the customers ran to the sale rack.

14. What is a dependent clause? • A group of words that cannot stand along, begins with a subordinating conjunction and contains a subject and verb. • Example: Kathy will be late for dinner since the meeting is still in progress.

15. What is a relative pronoun? • starts a dependent clause • ONLY 5 - that, which, who, whom, whose What is a subordinating conjunction? • starts a dependent clause • think – “A WHITE BUS”

16. LEARN THESE!! Subordinating Conjunctions • What is “A WHITE BUS”? • A • W • H • I • T • E • B • U • S • after, although, as, as if, as long as, • as soon as, as though • while, when, whenever, where, wherever • how • if Subordinating conjunctions- start dependent clauses (must be followed by a subject and a verb). • than, though • even though • because • until, unless • so that, since

17. What are the two types of complex sentences? • D , I – Although she was scared to death, Kathy gave a short speech to the class. • I D – The car is perfect for me because I can afford the payment.

18. Complex Sentences • D , I ; I – Unless he returns soon, we will have to leave; we should not be late for the play. • I D ; I – The builders worked until it began to rain; they huddled together in the hut. • I ; I D – Janice must stay home; she has to babysit until her parents come back.

19. What is a compound-complex sentence? • A compound-complex sentence has two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent clause. • Example: Before the trick-or-treaters came, Jill made candied apples; they were delicious.

20. What are the types of compound-complex sentences? • D , I, c I – Since Jan and Jen are done, they can go get Jim, and we can all go to the movie. • I D , c I – Hitler retained power until he died, and his reign lasted ten years. • I , c I D – She should come soon, but I will not be disappointed if she does not arrive.

21. Can you do it on you own? • Complete the chart . . .

22. Types of Sentences Simple Compound -HASTWO or more independent clauses AND NO dependent clauses -JOINED by comma and a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) OR a semi-colon -clauses MUST beclosely related -CONTAINS ONE independent clause -AND NOdependent clauses -makes ONE complete thought Independent Clause- -DOES express a complete thought -CAN stand alone as a sentence -HAS a subject and a verb -MAIN clause Dependent Clause- -DOES NOT express a complete thought -CANNOT stand alone as a sentence -HAS a subject and a verb -STARTS with relative pronoun OR a subordinating conjunction -AKA – subordinate clause -3 types – adjective, adverb, noun clauses Compound- Complex Complex -CONTAINS ONE independent clause -AND ONEor more dependent clauses -HAS relative pronoun (that, which, who, whom, whose) or subordinating conjunction (A WHITE BUS) to indicate dependent clause -HAS TWOor more independent clauses -AND has ONEor more dependent clauses

23. Types of Sentences - formulas Simple Compound Independent Clause- -DOES express a complete thought -CAN stand alone as a sentence -HAS a subject and a verb -MAIN clause I;I I,cI SV SSV SVV SSVV Dependent Clause- -DOES NOT express a complete thought -CANNOT stand alone as a sentence -HAS a subject and a verb -STARTS with relative pronoun OR a subordinating conjunction -AKA – subordinate clause -3 types – adjective, adverb, noun clauses Complex Compound- Complex D,I ID D,ID * There are many combinations D,I;I ID,cI * There are many combinations

24. CLAUSE/SENTENCESREVIEW

25. Clause Types Dependent Independent Can NOT stand alone DEPENDS on something else to help it survive Can stand all by itself Doesn’t need any help Think of an adult. They are independent. They can stand alone. Think of a baby. They DEPEND on their parents to help them survive. They CANNOT stand alone.

26. Compound Simple Compound Complex Complex

27. Simple Architects design buildings.

28. Compound • Architects create blueprints, and these blueprints help the contractors to build the buildings.

29. Complex • Becausethere is a system called Computer Aided Design, the architects are able to make blueprints.

30. Compound Complex • While they are looking at the blueprints, sometimes the contractors find mistakes, becausethe architect will have to make corrections.

31. LAST MAN STANDING • I will place a sentence on the screen. • When you see the sentence, decide what type of object is the boldfaced word. Is it an “simple,” “compound” “complex” or “compound-complex?” • On the count of three, you will hold up the card that shows your answer choice. • If you get the answer correct, then you will remain standing. If you get it wrong, I will ask you to sit down. • Your objective is to be the last one standing.

32. I can do many exciting things. Answer: SIMPLE

33. Although I am able to do many exciting things, I have difficulty finding time to do them. Answer: COMPLEX

34. While going to the store, I found a little puppy, and I took it home. Answer: COMPOUND

35. Jose studied many hours for his test. Answer: SIMPLE

36. Most of the students enjoyed the reading, but many of them were too lazy to complete it. Answer: COMPOUND

37. While she attended the basketball game, Callie ran into Michael Jordan. Answer: COMPLEX

38. Callie ran into Michael Jordan while she attended the basketball game. Answer: COMPLEX

39. She couldn’t contain her excitement. Answer: SIMPLE

40. When she tripped and fell, she hurt her leg. Answer: COMPLEX

41. The students will organize a coat-and-hat drive this winter, for homeless people often do not have warm clothes. Answer: COMPOUND

42. Sean tutors, and he helps students learn language arts. Answer: COMPOUND

43. Some children have no books, and volunteers can hold book drives for them. Answer: COMPOUND

44. Mr. Luizzo, who is a retired pilot, talked to us about his experiences in enemy territory. Answer: COMPLEX

45. Although the Foster Grandparent Program is more than 30 years old, many people do not know about it. Answer: COMPLEX

46. The story, which made them laugh, was about a monkey. Answer: COMPLEX

47. MORECLAUSE/SENTENCES REVIEW

48. SENTENCE TYPES REVIEW AND PRACTICE • Directions: In each of the following sentences, put parenthesis ( ) around INDEPENDENT CLAUSES, underline _________ each DEPENDENT CLAUSE, X each COORDINATING CONJUNCTION, and circle each SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION. • After analyzing the sentence, decide on the sentence type: simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex. • Simple b. Compound c. Complex d. Compound-Complex • Cathy loves science, and she is very good in algebra. • The kind students worked hard, and the teacher appreciated it. • During the break, the students bought lunch and ice cream. • We will go out for ice cream after we eat the delicious fried liver. • She went to the movie because the bowling alley was closed. • Before you finish the test, you should check your answers, but you may not talk to your partner. • After the delicious meal, the old man fell asleep. • The boy sold his stereo which was very old. • Since it is the end of the quarter, we have no school on Monday. • We went to the game, but our parents went out to dinner.

49. SENTENCE TYPES REVIEW AND PRACTICE • Directions: In each of the following sentences, put parenthesis ( ) around INDEPENDENT CLAUSES, underline _________ each DEPENDENT CLAUSE, X each COORDINATING CONJUNCTION, and circle each SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION. • After analyzing the sentence, decide on the sentence type: simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex. • Simple b. Compound c. Complex d. Compound-Complex • Kim, Jolanda, and Johnny played in the game. • My friend likes to sing, but she has a really bad voice. • The old lady likes to watch movies, but the old man likes to read books. • We saw the movie after we read the book. • The examples that you studied last night should prepare you for the test, but you still need to check each answer • The student smiled when he finished the language arts test. • Mr. Smith, who was leaving the room in a hurry, hit his toe on the door, but he did not break it. • Many students like the teacher who needs a hearing aid. • The teacher sensed that the students were confused, so she asked for more effort from the group. • The student received a letter because he was getting ready for the trip; he needs to get it signed.