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Welcome to…

The Nervous System. Welcome to…. Text, p.241. Nervous System. Central Nervous System. Peripheral Nervous System. Somatic Nerves. Autonomic Nerves. Spinal Cord. Brain. Sensory. Motor. Sympathetic. Parasympathetic. Forebrain. Midbrain. Hindbrain. The Four Lobes…. Cerebrum.

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  1. The Nervous System Welcome to…

  2. Text, p.241 Nervous System Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Somatic Nerves Autonomic Nerves Spinal Cord Brain Sensory Motor Sympathetic Parasympathetic Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain The Four Lobes… Cerebrum Olfactory Lobes Thalamus Pons Medulla Oblongata Corpus Callosum Cerebellum Hypothalamus

  3. CNS & PNS • CNS – coordinating centre for information coming in and going out (brain and spinal cord) • PNS – carries information between organs of the body and the CNS http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/complications_nerves/index.htm

  4. First, the Peripheral Nervous System…

  5. Somatic Nerves voluntary • Control muscles that are connected to the skeleton and skin • Sensory nerves • Relay information about the environment • Motor nerves • Initiate an appropriate response Think of a pin pricking your finger…

  6. Autonomic Nerves involuntary • Special nerves to control the internal organs of the body • Sympathetic • “on” switch to prepare for stress • Parasympathetic • “off” switch to return to normal resting levels What do lie detector tests and erectile dysfunction have in common??

  7. Text, p.241 Nervous System  Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Somatic Nerves Autonomic Nerves Spinal Cord Brain Sensory Motor Sympathetic Parasympathetic

  8. And now, the Central Nervous System…

  9. Spinal Cord • Carries sensory nerve messages from receptors to the brain • Relays motor nerve messages from the brain to muscles and glands • Like the brain, it is made up of grey and white matter http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/AB/IWT/superman/cutawaycord.html

  10. Text, p.241 Nervous System  Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System  Somatic Nerves Autonomic Nerves Spinal Cord Brain Sensory Motor Sympathetic Parasympathetic

  11. THE BRAIN http://www.simpsonstrivia.com.ar/wallpapers/homer-simpson-wallpaper-brain.htm

  12. Oops! That’s better… http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/hottopics/intelligence/

  13. The Brain • Meninges – protective membranes that surround the brain inside the skull • dura mater – outer membrane (“tough mother”) • arachnoidmater – middle layer (spiderweb-like) • pia mater – inner layer (“tender mother”) p. 257

  14. The Brain • Major user of glucose (can’t use any other source of energy) So, how does this make you feel about the “no-carb” craze?? How does glucose enter the body???

  15. Regions of the brain • Forebrain • Contains olfactory lobes, cerebrum & corpus callosum • Midbrain • Less developed; four spheres of grey matter; relay centre for some eye and ear reflexes • Hindbrain • Behind midbrain, joins the spinal cord • Cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata

  16. http://web.lemoyne.edu/~hevern/psy340/lectures/psy340.04.2.ns.structure.htmlhttp://web.lemoyne.edu/~hevern/psy340/lectures/psy340.04.2.ns.structure.html

  17. Forebrain • Olfactory lobes (2) – smell • Cerebrum • 2 giant hemispheres; major coordination centres of sensory info & motor reaction • Speech, reasoning, memory & personality • Cerebral cortex • The surface of the cerebrum • Composed of grey matter with many fissures

  18. Forebrain continued • Corpus callosum • A bundle of nerves that connects the 2 hemispheres • Hemispheres are divided into lobes • Frontal lobe • Temporal lobe • Parietal lobe • Occipital lobe

  19. Lobes of the Cerebrum http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/lobe.html Page 260 in your text lists the functions of the lobes

  20. Forebrain or Midbrain • Thalamus • Below the cerebrum • Coordinates and interprets sensory info • Hypothalamus (below) • Connected to pituitary • Connects the nervous and endocrinal systems http://web.lemoyne.edu/~hevern/psy340/lectures/psy340.04.2.ns.structure.html

  21. Text, p.241 Nervous System  Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System  Somatic Nerves Autonomic Nerves Spinal Cord  Brain Sensory Motor Sympathetic Parasympathetic  Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain The Four Lobes… Cerebrum Olfactory Lobes Thalamus Pons Medulla Oblongata Corpus Callosum Cerebellum Hypothalamus

  22. Hindbrain • Cerebellum • Controls limbs, balance, muscle tone • Pons (“bridge”) • Relay station between the 2 parts of the cerebellum and between the cerebellum and the medulla • Medulla Oblongata • Connector between spine and brain; regulates involuntary muscles http://web.lemoyne.edu/~hevern/psy340/lectures/psy340.04.2.ns.structure.html

  23. Page 259 in the text • Look at the differences in brains of different organisms • Cerebellum – muscle tone, movements • Forebrain – reason, intellect, memory, language, personality • Medulla oblongata – autonomic nerve control

  24. Sheep Brain… http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/brain/brshpx.htm …see you tomorrow! 

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