Unified Field Theory: Report on Boscovich International Conference 2011

1. Unified Field Theory: Report on Boscovich International Conference 2011 Roger J Anderton

2. PLAN * BOSCOVICH CONFERENCE * QUANTUM PHYSICS* SLAG-OFF EINSTEIN (IF TIME)

3. PART ONE

4. Boscovich Conference 2011 Università degli Studi di Pavia Dipartimento di Fisica "Alessandro Volta" Sistema Museale di Ateneo http://www.edizionenazionaleboscovich.it/index.php/conference.html

10. http://www.fortunecity.com/village/montgomery/683/timeline.htmlhttp://www.fortunecity.com/village/montgomery/683/timeline.html

16. Despite the Conference being put on for Boscovich and Croatia proclaiming 2011 as celebrating Boscovich year; the majority in the mainstream (and alternative for that matter) science community choose to ignore the man and his theory. Hence the suppression by what is effectively a conspiracy of silence. At the Conference I met fellow allies in trying to promote the Unified theory of Boscovich, such as Augustus Prince from Brookhaven National Laboratory saying that Boscovich's theory solved all the problems of particle physics, and Dragoslav Stoiljkovic being one of the few professors teaching Boscovich's theory, explaining that Boscovich's theory gave us quantum physics.

17. Boscovich was a poet for all seasons, he wrote poetry on science to try to make its understanding easier. As John L. Heilbron noted there was a long shadow of the Galileo affair on the priest's life with its inhibition on Copernican system, and similarities could be linked between Galileo's life and Boscovich's.

18. Newtonianism led to Boscovich providing a unified theory based on point-particles.

19. TV Review gives an interesting plot for the cartoon series Futurama : “The plot for this one features the Professor trying to find the smallest particle of matter in the universe, and thus create a unified field theory. It’s the same sort of thing Stephen Hawking used to do before he started doing cartoon voices. “I like physics,” he says in a great cameo, “but I love cartoons.” “

20. Even in science based comedy series they can admit that the unified theory is based on smallest particles ( and none smaller than point-particles). But when it comes to such a simple theory – its historical creation in the 18th century- the mainstream tends to want to pretend that it was not created. Hence we have obscure conferences such as this one in 2011 commemorating the theory's creation and it all but being ignored by the majority.

21. In his day – Boscovich was extremely famous, as New Scientist 1958 reported: “Most younger scientists have never met the name of Boscovich and only a few of the older school remember having heard of Boscovichian atoms. “ And then goes onto say: “Serious estimates by some historians of science put Boscovich among the dozen greatest physicists, the equal of Newton, Leibnitz, Euler and Franklin.”

22. So in 1958 he was mostly forgotten but he had been very famous; since 1958 he has become even more forgotten.

23. Eddington explains the theory as being a greater change than Einstein's: “When we compare the universe as it is now supposed to be with the universe as we had ordinarily preconceived it, the most arresting change is not the rearrangement of space and time by Einstein but the dissolution of all that we regard as most solid into tiny specks floating in void.” Eddington unfortunately does not mention that this theory is due to Boscovich; but it is.

24. The long shadow of the fame given to Einstein at the same time that Boscovich's theory was verified however overcast Boscovich and diverted fame away from that due to him. So that the long shadow of the Galileo affair over Boscovich became the long shadow of Einstein; hence now he lies forgotten except by a few scholars.

25. Papers John L. Heilbron, Worcester College, Oxford A Jesuit Mathematician at Loose in the Republic of Letters Ugo Baldini, University of Padova Physics and metaphysics in Boscovich Edoardo Proverbio, INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera Ruggiero Giuseppe Boscovich’s research into producing quasi-achromatic and aplanatic compound lenses and eyepieces made of one single material

26. Ivica Martinovic, University of Zagreb Distinctive characteristics of Boškovic’s natural philosophy Salvo D’Agostino, University of Rome “La Sapienza” Boscovich’s Theoria Philosophiae Naturalis as a Synthesis between a Relativistic and a Structure -of -Matter Theories Barbara V. Villone, Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, INAF (in absentia) The Boscovichean concept of space and time in the Supplementa to Philosophiae Naturalis Theoria

27. Augustus Prince, Brookhaven National Laboratory An Analytical Form of the Boscovich Curve with Applications James McAllister, University of Leiden Boscovich, the Paradoxes of Contact Action, and the Rise of Dynamism Fabio Bevilacqua e Angelo Chierico, University of Pavia Boscovich, the “vis viva” Debate and the Unitary Law of Force (title may change) Hans Ullmaier, Forschungszentrum Jülich and Technische Hochschule Aachen, Jülich Boscovich’s Pioneering Ideas on the Elementary Structure of Matter

28. Enrico Giannetto, University of Bergamo Boscovich’s Theoria Philosophiae Naturalis Arcangelo Rossi, University of Salento R. J. Boscovich’s Philosophy of Space Lucio Fregonese, University of Pavia Heat and Electricity in Boscovich’s Theoria philosophiae naturalis Dragoslav Stoiljkovic, University of Novi Sad Contemporary Verifications and Applications of Boscovich’s Theory of Natural Philosophy

29. Davor Krajnovic, European Southern Observatory, Garching Bei München Legacy of Boškovic: Understanding assumptions and knowing uncertainties Roger Anderton, United Kingdom Boscovich’s Influence on Einstein’s Unified Field Theory Research Stanislav Joze Juznic, University of Ljubljana Boscovich’ s Mid-European Legacy

30. Pasquale Tucci, University of Milano Boscovich’s Influence on Nineteenth-Century Electricity and Magnetism Luciano Agnes, Pavia Ruggiero Boscovich in Pavia Efthymios Bokaris and Vangelis Koutalis, University of Ioannina Teaching Boscovich’s Puncta in S.E. Europe: Athanasios Psalidas’ “Physics in General”

31. Eri Yagi, Eri Yagi Institute for History of Science, Tokyo The Important Role of Particles through the Development of the Mechanical Theory of Heat Ivan Mirnik, The Zagreb Archaeological Museum Roger Boscovich on Croatian Medals Marco Martin, Liceo Classico D’Oria, Genova “Il Giornale di viaggio da Costantinopoli in Polonia di Ruggiero Giuseppe Boscovich”. A surprising Report through Eastern Europe

32. Daniele Macuglia, University of Chicago Boscovich and the Mechanism of Vital Phenomena: An 18th Century Jesuit at the Borders Between Physics and Biology. Luigi Pepe, University of Ferrara “Boscovich’s Elementa universae matheseos”: An incomplete project Cesare Tocci e Danilo Capecchi, University of Roma “La Sapienza” Three Technical Reports of Boscovich on the Statics of Domes Luca Guzzardi, INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera The End of a World? Ruggiero Boscovich and the Tradition of Didactic Poetry

33. Elio Antonello, INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera Water-filled telescopes Ezio Vaccari, University of Insubria, Varese Boscovich and the Earth Sciences Maria Giulia Lugaresi, University of Ferrara Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics in Boscovich papers Riccardo Balestrieri, SALt, San Marino The silting-up of the port of Savona (1771-1772)

34. PART TWO

36. Energy vs. Force Modern theory Distance (r) Energy E = - ∫F dr Minimum potential energy F = - dE/dr Cohesion limits Distance (r) Force Boscovich Stable positions

37. True: Boscovich’s theory is quantum theory presented in 18. c.!False: Max Planck “discovered” quantum theory at the end of 19. c. Repulsive force Cohesion limits Distance Orbitals in Boscovich’s Theory Attractive force Non-cohesion limits

38. Model of atoms 2. Planetary model (Thomson) Force and orbitals “Suppose we regard the charged ion as Boscovichian atom exerting a central force on corpuscle which changes from repulsion to attracion and from attraction to repulsion several times...” (”The Corpuscular Theory of Matter”, Constable, London, 1907)

39. E. Rutherford: • ex-student and ex-assistant of J. J. Thomson • took a chair of physics at Manchester University in 1907 • in 1908-1911 proved that planetary model was correct, i.e. atomic nucleus is positively charged and electrons are in orbits  Rutherford’s model of atom N. Bohr spent in 1912: • 7 months with Thomson in Cambridge • 3 months with Rutherford in Manchester  Bohr’s model of atom

40. E. Rutherford: • ex-student and ex-assistant of J. J. Thomson • took a chair of physics at Manchester University in 1907 • in 1908-1911 proved that planetary model was correct, i.e. atomic nucleus is positively charged and electrons are in orbits  Rutherford’s model of atom N. Bohr spent in 1912: • 7 months with Thomson in Cambridge • 3 months with Rutherford in Manchester  Bohr’s model of atom

41. Molecule – Molecule physical interactions Transition from physical to chemical adsorption of molecules Potential energy Eint vs distance R between two ethylene molecules Kaplan, I. G.: Vvedenie v teoriyu mezhdumolekulyarnikh vzaimodeistvii, Nauka, Moskva, 1982, p. 175. N. G. Gaylord, H. F. Mark, "Linear and Stereoregular Addition Polymers", Interscience, New York, 1959

42. Macromolecular chain Boscovich (1758):Atoms could be connected “in a very long series” by the “cohesion of parts of atoms“. Electrons Covalent bond "In a such way atoms might be formed like spirals; and, if these spirals were compressed by a force, there would be experienced a very great elastic force or propensity for expansion." Theory, paragraph 440

43. Structure of diamond and graphite • Boscovich: They can form a regular pyramid, of which each of the sides of the triangles is of a length equal to the cohesion limit. Then this pyramid will constitute a particle that is most tenacious as regards its form and would have very great, infinite, solidity. Diamond Graphite H. Davy, 1812 L. P. Williams: Boscovich is Godfather of structural chemistry (in L. L. White, “Roger Joseph Boscovich”, George Allen and Unwin, London, 1961)

44. Interactions of particles: Colloids Macromolecules Nano-particles Molecules Atoms Nucleus and electrons ... Parts of nucleus of heavy atoms Nucleons and λ° hyperons Nucleons Neutrino Quarks

45. Interaction of  hyperon with nucleonesГригорьев В., Мякишев Г., «Силы в природе», (Grigorev V., Myakishev G.,“Forces in the Nature”)Наука, Москва, 1977., стр. 291 Decreasing of distance p+ or n  Repulsion AttractionRepulsionAttracion Particle  is a barion, no chared, mass  = 2184,1 mass of electron, Spin ½; life time 2,5*10-10 sec Proton or neutron Boscovich

46. Neutrino Boscovich: “Also, in some of this classes (of particles), the absence of any force may be admitted; then the substance of one of these classes will pass perfectly freely through the substance of another without any collisions”

47. Leon Lederman (Nobel prize laurate for physics, 1988) stated in the book “The God Particle” published in 1993: Roger Boscovich had an idea, totally foolish for 18th century (and perhaps for any other century)... “Boscovich claimed, in 18th century, that matter is built from the particles that have no dimensions! 20 years ago we found a such particle and named it – quark.” • Boscovich’s Theory, however, is a “key for the entire modern physics!”

48. Our applications of Boscovich's theory of natural philosophy • Physical meaning of cohesion and non-cohesion limits • Free radical polymerization of compressed ethylene gas • Effect of pressure on melting temperature of low density polyethylene • Supra-molecular organization and polymerization of liquid methyl methacrylate (MMA) - Average densities of Solar planets

49. Average densities of planets (g/cm3) Sun 1,41 g/cm3 * Data: www.astronomija.co.yu ** Twin of Sun: Galaksija, No 4,33(1988)

50. Boscovich’s Theory had the great contributions to: • - Discovery of structure of matter • but also to the other scientific fields: • Particle theory • Electric and magnetic field theory • Quantum mechanics • Theory of relativity... Was Boscovich just a visionary, a prophet, a magic man? NO!