Lyme Disease and You

1. Lyme Disease and You Lori Calderas Ph.D. Public Health Epidemiology student Walden University PUBH 6185-10 Environmental Epidemiology Instructor: Dr. Howard Rubin Spring Quarter, 2011

2. Objectives • Discuss Lyme Disease symptoms and causes • Show pictures of vectors of Lyme Disease (ticks) • Discuss when and where one can get Lyme Disease • Discuss tick life cycle • Discuss Lyme Disease statistics • Discuss Lyme Disease in Missouri • Discuss prevention techniques • Discuss treatment options • Show further reading list

3. Introduction Silverstein, A., Silverstein, V., & Silverstein, R. (1990). Lyme Disease: The great imitator. Lebanon, NJ: AVSTAR Publishing Corp.

4. What is Lyme Disease? • Bacterial infection -- Symptoms • Bulls-eye rash (erythema migrans) • Headaches • Flu like symptoms • Arthritis • Meningitis • Tingling fingers • Face numbness • And other rarer side effects Silverstein, A., Silverstein, V., & Silverstein, R. (1990). Lyme Disease: The great imitator. Lebanon, NJ: AVSTAR Publishing Corp.

5. What causes Lyme Disease? • Bacteria -- Borrelia burgdorferi • Tick bite • Bacteria in tick bite • Body reacts to bacteria Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). Lyme Disease. Division of Vector Borne Disease. Retrieved on 22 April 2011 from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/lyme/index.htm Waldbauer, G. (1998). The handy bug answer book. Detroit: Visible Ink Press.

6. Ticks that carry Lyme Disease • Ixodes dammini (northern deer tick) in the north and Midwest • Ixodes scapularis and Amblyoma americanum (the lone star tick) in the south east • Ixodes pacificus in the west Brown & Foley. (2010). Tickborne disease research program. Center for Vector Borne Diseases. Retrieved 22 April 2011 from http://cvec.ucdavis.edu/book/export/html/12

7. When and where could I get Lyme Diseases? • Spring and summer months, sometimes fall • Woods and tall grasses • Small animals, deer, or birds • Pets Stoffman, P. (1995). The Family guide to preventing and treating 100 infectious illnesses. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

8. Are ticks out to get me? • No • White footed mice • White tailed deer. • Once or twice a year • Live about two years Facklam, H. & Facklam, M. (1994). Parasites. Brookfield, CT: Twenty-First Century Books.

9. Tick Life Cycle Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). Lyme Disease. Division of Vector Borne Disease. Retrieved on 22 April 2011 from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/lyme/index.htm Schmidt, G. & Roberts, L. (2005). Foundations of parasitology. Boston: McGraw-Hill.

10. How common is Lyme Disease? • Varies by region /state. • North eastern U.S. • Spreading to the Midwest fast • Wilderness areas • 18,000 cases in U.S.A. in 2000 • Most underreported disease, looks like something else • Most common vector borne disease in the U.S.A. Moeller, D. W. (2005). Environmental health (3rd ed.). Boston: Harvard University Press.

11. Lyme Disease in Missouri • 1-2% of ticks in Missouri • Test is only about 50 % accurate • 1060 confirmed cases in Missouri since 1982 • Pre-treated with antibiotics • Doctors avoid paperwork • Reportable to the CDC Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). Lyme Disease. Division of Vector Borne Disease. Retrieved on 22 April 2011 from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/lyme/index.htm

12. How do I prevent Lyme Disease? • Avoid high grasses and forests • Tuck pants into socks • Wear long sleeves • Tuck shirt into pants • Closed toe shoes • Insecticide with DEET • Light colored clothes Auerbach, P.S. (1999). Medicine for the outdoors. New York, NY: The Lyons Press.

13. How do I remove a tick? • Home remedies don’t work • Remember… more time = more risk • Best bet: tweezers, gloved hands, • Pull straight out, or up Litin, S.C.(Editor). (2003). Mayo Clinic: Family health book (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Harper Resource.

14. What can be done if I get Lyme Disease? • Treated with antibiotics • Probenecid = keeps antibiotic in system longer • Aspirin, Tylenol, Advil, etc. for fever • IT IS A TREATABLE DISEASE = NO NEED TO SUFFER IF COUGHT EARLY! Silverstein, A., Silverstein, V., & Silverstein, R. (1990). Lyme Disease: The great imitator. Lebanon, NJ: AVSTAR Publishing Corp.

15. Conclusion

16. Want more info on Lyme disease or Ticks… • CDC website for Lyme disease http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/lyme/ • American Lyme Disease Foundation (iphone app available!) http://www.aldf.com/ • Lyme Disease Association http://www.lymediseaseassociation.org/ • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/lymedisease/Pages/lymeDisease.aspx

17. Thank you for your time and attention

18. References • Auerbach, P.S. (1999). Medicine for the outdoors. New York, NY: The Lyons Press. • Brown & Foley. (2010). Tickborne disease research program. Center for Vector Borne Diseases. Retrieved 22 April 2011 from http://cvec.ucdavis.edu/book/export/html/12 • Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). Lyme Disease. Division of Vector Borne Disease. Retrieved on 22 April 2011 from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/lyme/index.htm • Facklam, H. & Facklam, M. (1994). Parasites. Brookfield, CT: Twenty-First Century Books.

19. References • Litin, S.C.(Editor). (2003). Mayo Clinic: Family health book (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Harper Resource. • Moeller, D. W. (2005). Environmental health (3rd ed.). Boston: Harvard University Press. • Schmidt, G. & Roberts, L. (2005). Foundations of parasitology. Boston: McGraw-Hill. • Silverstein, A., Silverstein, V., & Silverstein, R. (1990). Lyme Disease: The great imitator. Lebanon, NJ: AVSTAR Publishing Corp.

20. References • Waldbauer, G. (1998). The handy bug answer book. Detroit: Visible Ink Press. • Stoffman, P. (1995). The Family guide to preventing and treating 100 infectious illnesses. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.