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VCE English Language

VCE English Language. Revision Outcome 1, Unit 1 The Nature and Functions of Language. Language. Write down in your books what you think language is. At what age do you think that children ‘know’ a language? Is language just vocabulary?. Metalanguage.

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VCE English Language

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  1. VCE English Language Revision Outcome 1, Unit 1 The Nature and Functions of Language

  2. Language • Write down in your books what you think language is. • At what age do you think that children ‘know’ a language? • Is language just vocabulary?

  3. Metalanguage • Write down a definition of metalanguage • What are the five subsystems which from the metalanguage in linguistics?

  4. Subsystems

  5. fnetiks nd fnolodgi • Phonetics – the study of the speech sounds of all human languages • Phonology – the study of the sound systems of language • Important to listen to the sounds that are made and represent them with symbols that more accurately reflect them

  6. Morphology and Lexicology • Morphemes are the smallest unit of meaning • Can be free or bound • Free can stand alone • Bound must be attached to another morpheme • Prefix – attached to the front of a stem • Stem – stand alone morpheme

  7. Morphemes (cont.) • Suffix – morpheme attached to the end of a stem • Inflectional morphemes – give grammatical information • Derivational morphemes – change the class of a word • Give two examples of each of these

  8. Word Classes • Nouns – words that name things • Verbs – action or state of being words • Adjectives – describe nouns • Adverbs – describe the action of a verb • Prepositions – show how things are related • Conjunctions – join clauses • Pronouns – in place of nouns • Articles – The, A, An.

  9. Syntax • The way we arrange words in a sentence • Subject – the person or thing the sentence is about • Predicate – what is said about the subject • Phrase – group of related words • Clause – group of related words containing a subject (noun) and predicate (verb)

  10. Types of Clause • Independent – (or main) clauses can stand on their own in a sentence • Dependent – (or subordinate) clauses can’t stand on their own • Relative clause – a dependent clause that describes the noun it relates to. It is introduced with who, which, that and relates to the noun in the main clause

  11. Clauses and sentences • Adverbial clauses – answer the questions how, when, where and why about the verb. • Compound sentences – tow or more simple sentences joined by a conjunction or separated by a comma, semi-colon or colon. • Complex sentences – main clause plus one or two subordinate clauses

  12. Sentence Types • Declarative – state facts • Imperative – commands or orders • Exclamative – expression of strong emotion • Interrogative - questions

  13. Semantics • Study of meaning in language • Connotation – associated meaning • Denotation – dictionary meaning

  14. Discourse Analysis • Discourse – can be spoken or written; it is a connected series of utterances or sentences. • To study or examine a discourse to show the structure or essence

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