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PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY vce physical education unit 3.

PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY vce physical education unit 3. FOODS, FUELS AND ENERGY SYSTEMS. FOOD FUELS. Our food intake consists of three basic nutrients: CARBOHYDRATES FAT PROTEIN. CARBOHYDRATES.

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PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY vce physical education unit 3.

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  1. PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITYvce physical educationunit 3. FOODS, FUELS AND ENERGY SYSTEMS

  2. FOOD FUELS Our food intake consists of three basic nutrients: • CARBOHYDRATES • FAT • PROTEIN

  3. CARBOHYDRATES • CARBOHYDRATES ARE THE BODY’S PREFERRED FUEL SOURCE, ESPECIALLY DURING EXERCISE • SUGARS AND STARCHES SOURCES: FRUIT, CEREAL, BREAD,PASTA, VEGETABLES. .

  4. FAT • ACTS AS A CONCENTRATED FUEL STORAGE IN MUSCLES. • IT IS THE BODY’S MAIN SOURCE OF FUEL AT REST AND DURING PROLONGED SUBMAXIMAL EXERCISE. • SOURCES: BUTTER, CHEESE, OIL, NUTS, FATTY MEATS.

  5. PROTEIN • PROTEINS MAKE A NEGLIGABLE CONTRIBUTION TO ENERGY PRODUCTION DURING EXERCISE. • MAINLY USED FOR GROWTH AND REPAIR. • SOURCES: MEAT, FISH, POULTRY, LEGUMES, EGGS, GRAINS

  6. STORAGE OF FOOD FUEL

  7. How does food help us move? • ALL FOODS ARE BROKEN DOWN AND STORED AS CHEMICAL ENERGY. • THIS MUST BE THEN BE CONVERTED TO MECHANICAL ENERGY TO ALLOW MUSCULAR CONTRACTIONS AND MOVEMENT TO OCCUR.

  8. ATP – ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE • MOLECULES OF ATP CONSIST OF ATOMS HELD TOGETHER BY BONDS THAT STORE ENERGY. • CHEMICAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED WHEN ATP IS BROKEN DOWN. • ENERGY IS THEN RELEASED TO FUEL ALL PROCESSES WITHIN THE BODY. • ONLY A VERY SMALL AMOUNT OF ATP EXISTS AT THE MUSCLES.

  9. ATP ADP + P+P+PI • ADENOSINE P P P ENERGY FOR MOVEMENT P P PI ADENOSINE

  10. THREE ENERGY SYSTEMS • ANAEROBIC SYSTEMS-WITHOUT OXYGEN ATP-PC / ALACTACID SYSTEM LACTIC ACID /ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS • AEROBIC SYSTEM – WITH OXYGEN AEROBIC SYSTEM / AEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS

  11. FOOD FUELS AT REST • FAT AND GLYCOGEN ARE THE PREFERRED FUELS UNDER RESTING CONDITIONS. • RESTING CONDITIONS SUPPLY THE HEART, LUNGS AND BLOOD VESSELS WITH SUFFICIENT OXYGEN, AND THEREFORE ATP, TO MEET THE ENERGY REQUIREMENTS.

  12. FOOD FUELS DURING EXERCISE • THE INTENSITY AND DURATION OF EXERCISE DETERMINES WHICH ENERGY SYSTEM IS THE MAJOR CONTRIBUTOR GOR ENERGY. • HIGH INTENSITY EXERCISE / ANAEROBIC EXERCISE – FOOD FUEL IS CARBOHYDRATES • LOW INTENSITY EXERCISE / AEROBIC EXERCISE – • CARBOHYDRATES THEN FAT. • PROTEIN AS A FUEL IS ONLY USED IN EXTREME ULTRA LONG DISTANCE EVENTS, SUCH AS MARATHONS/IRONMAN TRIATHLONS.

  13. GLYCEMIC INDEX (GI) THE GLYCEMIC INDEX IS A WAY OF CLASSIFYINNG CARBOHYDRATES BY THEIR IMMEDIATE EFFECT ON BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS.

  14. GLYCEMIC INDEX • HIGH GLYCEMIC INDEX - Carbohydrates are rapidly absorbed into the blood stream and have an immediate effect on blood glucose levels. • LOW GLYCEMIC INDEX – Carbohydrates take a lot longer to break down and be absorbed into the bloodstream, thus having a slower, more sustained effect on blood glucose levels.

  15. GLYCEMIC RESPONSE

  16. EXAMPLES OF GI VALUES • A low GI value is 55 or less (bananas, grain bread, lentils, apples, porridge, spaghetti) • A medium GI value is 56-69 (white bread, mars bar, rye bread, ice cream) • A high GI value is 70 or more (glucose, mashed potato, white rice, doughnut, cornflakes)

  17. Glycemic index and exercise • BEFORE EXERCISE – Low GI carbohydrates should be consumed 45-60 minutes before exercise. These are recommended as they sustain blood glucose levels minimising any increases in insulin release.

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