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Using Microsoft Virtualization Technologies: Today and Planning for Tomorrow

Using Microsoft Virtualization Technologies: Today and Planning for Tomorrow. Ronald Beekelaar Beekelaar Consultancy ronald@beekelaar.com Virtualization Seminar - Warsaw - 20-Feb-2007. Agenda. Part 1 - Overview Virtualization overview Usage scenarios for virtualization

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Using Microsoft Virtualization Technologies: Today and Planning for Tomorrow

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  1. Using Microsoft Virtualization Technologies: Today and Planning for Tomorrow Ronald BeekelaarBeekelaar Consultancyronald@beekelaar.com Virtualization Seminar - Warsaw - 20-Feb-2007

  2. Agenda • Part 1 - Overview • Virtualization overview • Usage scenarios for virtualization • Virtualization licensing and support • Part 2 - Architecture and Future • Architecture of Virtual Server • The need for VM Additions • Virtual Server 2005 R2 SP1 • Hardware-assisted virtualization • Windows Virtualization and Hypervisor (Viridian) • Part 3 - Operations • Virtual Server host and guest clustering • Virtual Server backup and recovery • Performance optimization of Virtual Server • Part 4 - Management • Scripting Virtual Server • System Center Virtual Machine Manager (Carmine) • For further information • Useful links / whitepapers / software download

  3. Seminar hours Schedule: • 10.00 – 11.15: Session • 11.15 – 11.30 – Przerwa • 11.30 – 12.45: Session • 12.45 – 13.45 – Obiad (one hour) • 13.45 – 15.00: Session • 15.00 – 15.15 – Przerwa • 15.15 – 16.30: Session • 16.30 – 16.45: Q&A

  4. About the Presenter • Consultant and trainer • Virtualization • Security, ISA Server and Forefront • Virtualization background: • Microsoft MVP for Virtual Machine Technology • Whitepaper at microsoft.com: "Virtual PC for Developers" • Manage all Virtual PC / Virtual Server-based labsat TechEd / IT Forum and other international TechEds • Create and optimize many VMs • Create virtualization tools (Virsoft) • Tools to analyse and optimize VMs • Tools to handle VHD-files • Contact: • Beekelaar Consultancyronald@beekelaar.com

  5. Virtualization ToolsVirsoft • Virsoft Lab Menu • Manage, run, log VMs at events + Synchronize VM changes • Virsoft VM Trimmer • Optimize, compact and configure VHDs offline + Compact differencing disks+ Compact folder with multiple VHDs • Virsoft VHD Info • Inspect VHD files + Detect parent-link problems • Virsoft VHD Mount • Provide interface to vhdmount.exe +Mount read-only

  6. Microsoft strategyVision of virtualization • IT organization benefit when workloads are decoupled from hardware • Increased availability, manageability • Long term, workloads will be increasingly dynamic • Virtualization is a key enabling technology to achieve this

  7. Application Application Application Application Operating System Hardware Type of Virtualization • Application Virtualisation • Microsoft SoftGrid • Desktop/Presentation Virtualisation • Windows Terminal Services • Machine Virtualisation • Virtual Server & Virtual PC • File Virtualization in Vista ? Desktop

  8. Machine Virtualisation Desktop Desktop Desktop Application Application Application Application Application Application Application Application Application Application Application Application Operating System Operating System Operating System Hardware

  9. Desktop/Presentation VirtualisationRemote Desktop Application Application Application Application Application Application Application Application Application Application Application Application Operating System Hardware Desktop Desktop Desktop

  10. Application Virtualisation Application Application Application Application Application Operating System Hardware Desktop

  11. Application VirtualizationSoftGrid Isolated Virtual Application Model TraditionalLayered Install Model

  12. Application VirtualizationSoftGrid • Applications are virtualized per instance: • Files (including System Files) • Registry • .ini files • Fonts • COM / DCOM objects • Services • Semafores, Mutexes • Name spaces • Applications do not get 'installed' • Applications do not alter the host OS • Note:Tasks process locally on the host computer

  13. Product versions * Currently at end of support lifecycle ** See http://vpc.visualwin.com for a list of 1200+ (!) OS that run in Virtual PC / Virtual Server See KB 867572 for a list of supported OS in Virtual Server 2005 R2

  14. Usage Scenarios for Virtualization Production server consolidation • Consolidate low-utilization workloads • Legacy OS (NT4) and application re-hosting • Resource partitioning (limit resources per VM) Business continuity management • Workload deployment and provisioning • OS and application patching (swap VMs) • Isolation / sandboxing Dynamic data center • Workload mobility Development and test • Rapid provisioning of multiple virtual machines • Undo-disk and save state helpful

  15. Usage ScenarioProduction server consolidation • Consolidate workloads • Infrastructure applications • Branch office and datacenter workloads • Low-utilization workloads • Efficient use of available hardware resources • Re-host legacy OS and applications • NT4 guest applications on Win2003 host • Run on current hardware and current OS • No application updates required • Partition resources • Limit CPU resource per VM

  16. Usage ScenarioBusiness continuity management • Workload deployment • Quickly switch pre-configured VM (vhd-files) • For disaster recovery • Eliminate unscheduled downtime • OS and application patching • Deploy and test patches off-production, and swap • Eliminate scheduled downtime • Isolation / sandboxing • Isolate OS environments for untrusted applications • Prevent malicious code from affecting others

  17. Usage ScenarioDynamic datacenter • Workload mobility • Package up entire OS environment and move to other location • Flexible deployment of workloads

  18. Usage ScenarioDevelopment and test • Rapid provisioning of virtual machines • Provide multiple VMs for testing quickly • Use save state to start up quickly • Create arbitrary test scenarios • Recreate reported issues • Avoid use of production network • Use undo-disk to rollback to known state • Wider test range for niche scenarios • Provision multiple VMs with variations • Use difference-disks for easy provisioning

  19. Usage ScenarioOther server consolidation

  20. Virtualization Support and Licensing • Support (two meanings) • Supported by Microsoft Product Support • Technical possible with the product • Needed licenses • On host - host OS and Virtual Server ? • In guests - guest OS and applications ?

  21. SupportBy Microsoft PSS • Vision in WSS Common Engineering Criteria: • See - www.microsoft.com/windowsserversystem/cer • Limitations ... all server products will support Microsoft Virtual Server 2005. Each product must be capable of running from within a virtual instance.Exemptions will be granted if: • The product requires hardware that is not currently supported in the VM environment. • Core product scenarios fail because of virtualization performance or scaling issues. Exchange Server 2003 - Only on Virtual Server 2005 R2 or later (KB 320220) Certificate Server - Only with Win2003 SP1 or later guest and host (KB 897614) ISA Server 2006 - Is supported, but not recommended (KB 897613) KB 897613 - Microsoft supports Windows Server System software running within a Microsoft Virtual Server environment subject to the Microsoft Support Lifecycle policy ... KB 897614 - The following Windows Server System software is not supported within a Microsoft Virtual Server environment: Speech Server, ISA Server 2000/2004, MIIS 2003, Sharepoint Portal Server. KB 897615 - For Microsoft customers who do not have a Premier-level support agreement, Microsoft will require the issue to be reproduced independently from the non-Microsoft hardware virtualization software. KB 917437 - Microsoft support for Linux guest operating systems is currently limited to the following list of qualified and tested operating systems: [9 Linux distributions]

  22. Pricing * Virtual Server 2005 Standard Edition is no longer available

  23. Virtual Server 2005 R2 FreeWhy would Microsoft do that? • Reasons: • Customer satisfaction • Increase interest in Win2003 R2 EE • 1 license = 4 VMs + host • Accelerate proof-of-concept test efforts • Rapidly deploy workloads (AD / SQL / BizTalk, etc) • Ease migration to Longhorn virtualization

  24. LicensingWindows server licenses • Licensing changes for server products • Virtualization friendly (after 1-Dec-2005) Only count licenses for running VMs For per-processor licenses, only count virtual CPUs in VM Single Win2003 R2 EE license: • 1 host + 4x Win2003 R2 EE in guest • Virtualization unlimited (after 1-Oct-2006)  Single Win2003 R2 Datacenter license: 1 host + unlimited Win2003 R2 (any) guests • See - www.microsoft.com/licensing/resources/volbrief.mspx

  25. ArchitectureVirtual Machine Monitor (VMM) • CPU needs to switch between host process and guest process • VMM switches context between those processes • Computer runs either host context or VMM context • Only one operating system can "run" on CPU • Ring compression

  26. Provided by Windows Virtual Server Others Architecture Host Guest (VM) AdminWeb Site Virtual ServerService IIS Guest Applications Ring 3 Ring 3 Ring 1 Ring 1 VM Additions Windows in VM Virtual hardware Ring 0 Win2003 or WinXP Kernel VMM.sys Hardware

  27. CPU virtualizationStill one problem left to solve • We want CPU direct-mode execution • Guest OS runs directly on CPU - fast! (99% speed) • When a priviliged operation is required, a trap occurs, and VMM handles operation in kernel mode • Problem: x86 is not fully virtualized in this way • 20 kernel-mode read CPU instructions are allowed from outside ring 0 ! • Four possible solutions: a) Recompile OS and applications without those 20 instructions • = avoid those 20 instructions b) Use Binary Translation execution • = patch code while running on host c) Install VM Additions in guest • = patch code in memory in VM d) Use hardware-assisted virtualization • = catch instructions in special ring "-1"

  28. CPU virtualizationSolutions • Binary translation • Translate guest instruction code to host instruction code • Always possible, but is very slow • VM Additions • Patches dll-code in memory in VM (=similar to a rootkit) • Not possible for 64-bit Vista/Longhorn • Note that VM Additions also do: • Time-sync, heartbeat, shutdown supportoptimized SCSI disk, and better mouse/video driver • Hardware-assisted virtualization • Use Intel VT or AMD Virtualization CPU • CPU solves the problem by maintaining settings per VM • Can be considered as ring "-1"

  29. VM AdditionsVersions

  30. VM AdditionsLinux • Adds: • time sync • Heartbeat • shutdown support • SCSI disk • mouse/display driver • But notdirect-mode execution support • Distributions (9x) • Red Hat 7.3/9.0, Enterprise 2.1/3/4 • SuSE Linux 9.2/9.3/10.0, Enterprise Server 9 • More available at release VS 2005 R2 SP1

  31. Provided by Windows Virtual Server Others ArchitectureHardware-assisted virtualization Host Guest (VM) AdminWeb Site Virtual ServerService IIS Guest Applications Ring 3 Ring 3 Ring 1 Ring 0 VM Additions Win2003 or WinXP Windows in VM Kernel VMM.sys Ring "-1" Virtual hardware CPU Hardware

  32. Hardware-assisted virtualizationIntel VT or AMD Virtualization • Supported in: • Virtual PC 2007 • Virtual Server 2005 R2 SP1 • Windows Virtualization (is requirement) • Enable in BIOS • Plus enable in Virtual PC 2007 Options • Windows guests do not run faster • Up-to-date VM Additions already provide direct-mode execution • Windows installation is 2x-3x faster • Non-Windows guests (Linux, Netware) run faster

  33. Virtual Server 2005 R2Specifications • Host • CPU VS2005 Standard Edition: max 4 CPUs (1 or 2 cores) • VS2005 Enterprise Edition: max 32 CPUs (1 or 2 cores) • Memory: max 64 GB • Guest • CPU: max 1 • Memory: max 3.6 GB • Network adapters: max 4 • Unlimited bandwidth ! • USB: no • USB keyboard/mouse is supported • Workaround for USB smartcard-readers exists !

  34. Virtual Server 2005 R2What's new • Performance • Increased performance • Scalability • x64 hosts: Win2003 and WinXP • Availability • Virtual Machine clustering • Failover VM on same host • Uses Shared SCSI (or iSCSI) in guest • Virtual Server Host clustering • Move VS2005 to other host • Planned and unplanned downtime • Requires script - http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=55644

  35. Virtual Server 2005 R2What's new (cont'd) • Additional guest support + Win2003 SE SP1 + WinXP SP2 • PXE Booting • F6 disk (SCSI disk) • Speeds up Windows installation • Virtual Disk Precompactor.iso • Also... • Supports hyperthreading on host • Reserve space for save state file (.vsv) • Open Windows Firewall ports at install

  36. Virtual Server 2005 R2SP1What's new • Features • Intel VT and AMD Virtualization support • Volume Shadow Copy (VSS) support • Active Directory integration using Service Connection Points • Vista as Guest support • Includes VHD mount tool • Also... • Host clustering whitepaper included • Default vhd capacity is 127 GB (was 16 GB) • Virtual SCSI fix for Linux 2.6.x guests

  37. Virtual Server 2005: Use multiple host CPUs Multithreaded Multiple CD ROM drives NAT through host ICS Unlimited networks Using vnc-files on host Only in VS2005: SCSI disk (in VM) COM API Remote Management Run as service Auto start VMs Virtual PC 2007: Use single host CPU Single thread for all VMs Single CD ROM drive NAT support Unlimited networks Using host (loopback) adapters Only in VPC2007: Sound card (VM) Folder Sharing Drag-and-drop Copy / Paste Differences VS2005 - VPC2007

  38. Windows VirtualizationVMM arrangements Type-2 VMM Hybrid VMM Type-1 VMM Hypervisor Guest 1 Guest 2 VMM Guest 1 Guest 2 Guest 1 Guest 2 Host OS Host OS VMM VMM (Hypervisor) Hardware Hardware Hardware Examples: - JVM - .NET CLR Examples: - Virtual PC - Virtual Server Example: - Windows Virtualization ("Viridian")

  39. Windows Virtualization • Virtualization for Windows Server • Code name "Viridian" (= color: rgb 64-130-109 ) • Windows Hypervisor • Thin layer of software, underneath "host OS" (~160 KB) • Parent partition - manages child partitions • Child partition - any number of OS, managed by parent • Virtualization Stack • Runs in root partition (= parent partition) • Provides virtualization of devices • WMI interface for management • Virtualization Service Providers (VSPs) • Hardware sharing architecture • Need "viridian" drivers in guest

  40. Windows Virtualization • Virtualization for Windows Server • Requires • x64 hardware • Intel VT / AMD-V processor • Provides • 32-bit and 64-bit guest • Max 8 CPU per VM • Hot "add": processor, memory, network, disk • 32+ GB RAM per VM • Live virtual machine migration • Multiple snapshots • No new driver model • Can use existing Windows drivers in guest • Same set of emulated hardware • S3 Trio video card, DEC 21440 network card, etc • Support for Server Core as parent OS

  41. Provided by Windows Virtual Server Others ArchitectureVirtual PC / Virtual Server 2005 R2 Host Guest (VM) AdminWeb Site Virtual ServerService IIS Guest Applications Ring 3 Ring 3 Ring 1 VM Additions Windows in VM Virtual hardware Ring 0 Win2003 or WinXP Kernel VMM.sys Hardware

  42. Provided by Windows Win Virtualizaton Others Windows Virtualization Parent partition Child partition Virtualization Stack WMI VM Service VM Worker Guest Applications Ring 3 Windows (core) Windows VSPs VSCs Kernel Kernel VMBus Enlightments Drivers Ring 0 Ring "-1" Windows Hypervisor Hardware

  43. Applications User Mode Windows File System StorPort iSCSIprt Disk Partition Volume Disk StorPort Miniport Windows hypervisor Virtual Service Provider (VSP) Virtual Storage Miniport (VSC) VM Worker Process VMBus Fast Path Filter (VSC) Windows VirtualizationVSC - VSP Communication Parent Partition Child Partitions Provided by: Windows Windows Virtualization ISV Kernel Mode Hardware

  44. Virtual Server 2005 vsWindows Server Virtualization

  45. Networking • Create .vnc-files to define "virtual switches" • Three settings per vnc-file: • - Network name • - Connected to which host network adapter or to None (guest-only) • - DHCP settings for this switch • Pre-defined vnc-files: • Internal network.vnc • Separate vnc-file for each host network adapter • Unique MAC-address assigned • Unlimited network speed (not max 10/100 Mbps)

  46. Disks • Data store in virtual hard disk (.vhd) files • File format is the same: • Virtual PC 2004 • Virtual Server 2005 • Windows Virtualization (future) • Max sizes • IDE (VPC2004): 130,557 MB (= 127.5 GB) • IDE (VS2005): 130,048 MB (= 127.0 GB) • SCSI (VS2005): 2,088,960 MB (= 2040.0 GB)

  47. DisksVHD Format • Free license from Microsoft • www.microsoft.com/windowsserversystem/virtualserver/techinfo/vhdspec.mspx • 45 vendors signed up (April 2006) • Examples: • Diskeeper • PlateSpin • WinImage • XenSource • From 17-Oct-2006: • Unregistered download available Virtual Hard Disk Format Specification • Introductions •Overview of Virtual Hard Disk Types •Virtual hard disk Footer Format •Dynamically expanding .VHD Header Format •Block Allocation Table and Data Blocks •Implementing a Dynamically expanding .VHD •Mapping a Disk Sector to a Sector in the Block •Splitting virtual hard disks •Implementing a Differencing virtual hard disk •CHS Calculation

  48. VM Base Base VHD Types 1GB 2TB Host 2TB Guest 2TB Host 2TB Guest Session SP1 SP2 Host

  49. VHD Test Drive Program • New: announced 6-Nov-2006 • Fully configured VHD-files • Downloadable from Microsoft's Web site • Evaluation versions • Expires after 30 days • Partners can also provide their applications • See www.microsoft.com/vhd for more information

  50. VHD Mount ToolAccess VHD content offline • VHDMount tool is included with VS2005 R2 SP1 • Can install separate: • Use as command-line tool: • Use for copying or injecting files, inspecting, virus-scanning • Do not use for offline patching (yet) C:\> msiexec.exe /i "Virtual Server 2005 Install.msi" /qn ADDLOCAL=VHDMount C:\Program Files\Microsoft Virtual Server\Vhdmount> vhdmount.exe Usage: VHDMOUNT /p VHDFileName - mounts vhd-file VHDMOUNT /m VHDFileName [DriveLetter] - mounts vhd-file, assign drive letters VHDMOUNT /u VHDFileName | All - unmounts vhd-file or all VHDMOUNT /q VHDFileName | All - lists mounted vhd-file or all

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