U.S. History Day 6

1. U.S. History Day 6 Debate and Domestic Issues

2. Do NOw • Our mission is now posted in the front of our classroom. How do you think this mission is related to what we have done so far in class, and how do you think it is related to your future?

3. States and Capitals Quiz • Remember it’s cumulative: you’ll have all seven from last time. • Next seven states: • Alabama, Mississippi, Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Louisiana, Missouri • US Senators from North Carolina • US House of Representatives Congressman from your district (1st) • North Carolina State Senator representing your district (4th) • North Carolina House of Representatives delegate from your district (32nd) • Governor of North Carolina

4. I. Major early Political events Objective 1.01: Identify the major domestic issues and conflicts experienced by the nation during the Federalist Period.

5. A. Bill of Rights • One of the first acts of Congress • First 10 amendments to the Constitution. • Wanted by the Democratic-Republicans in order for them to ratify the Constitution. Why? • They wanted a direct statement of their rights so the federal government wouldn’t abuse its power.

6. B. Economic Plan • Created by Alexander Hamilton. • Three parts: • 1) Paid back war bonds from the American Revolution. • Why should the U.S. do this? • To get good credit – this way people will loan the U.S. money in the future. • Unpopular with Democratic-Republicans: Why? • The people who bought the war bonds originally (farmers, everyday people) had sold to wealthy people for a small percentage (like selling a $100 bond for $10) because they thought they would never be paid back. The wealthy people were the only ones getting paid if the U.S. paid back the war bonds.

7. C. National Bank • Part of Hamilton’s Economic Plan. • Arguments: • Hamilton: needed to organize all of the federal government’s money. • Democratic-Republicans: Jefferson thought it was an abuse of government power. • Congress sided with Hamilton and created it.

8. D. Whiskey Rebellion • New tax on the production of whiskey • Created by Hamilton for Economic Plan. • Farmers who produced whiskey rebelled because of the tax. • Rebellion was squashed by troops sent by George Washington. • Impact: first test of the power of the federal government, showed it would be strong.

9. E. Alien and Sedition Acts • Four laws total: • 1st: Changed the immigrant wait time for voting from 5 years to 14 years • 2nd and 3rd: President can deport any alien considered dangerous to national security • 4th: Illegal to say anything false or malicious about the federal government in a newspaper • Meant you couldn’t criticize public officials

10. E. Alien and sedition acts • The Alien and Sedition Acts targeted immigrants and newspaper publishers. • Democratic-Republican argument: it targeted the groups of people that supported us, just the Federalists abusing their power so they can stay in power. • Federalists argument: The U.S. needed these laws to protect itself from dangerous people trying to start rebellions or other conflicts.

11. Group Activity • In groups of 4, pick one part of the Alien and Sedition Acts or the Whiskey Rebellion and create a short skit. • Your classmates should be able to see: • Which event/part of the law you are doing, and • What the law’s purpose was.

12. F. Virginia and Kentucky resolutions • Written by Democratic-Republicans in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts. • Introduced idea of “nullification” – a state has the right to declare a law invalid/it doesn’t apply to them. • Gives the state governments more power over the federal government. • Impact: Nullification is a major conflict between the North and the South leading up to the Civil War.

13. G. Election of 1800 • Adams v. Jefferson • Electoral college tie, House of Representatives elected the President • Thomas Jefferson elected president • First Democratic-Republican to be President

14. H. Marbury v. Madison • Under Chief Justice John Marshall • John Adams made many new judicial appointments the night before he left office – called “Midnight Judges” • Jefferson administration said it wouldn’t recognize new Adams judges

15. Marbury v. Madison • Court decision: Marbury (Midnight Judge) had the right to his appointment • Impact: First time the Supreme Court used judicial review to strike down a law. • Judicial review: the Supreme Court can review a law and strike it down if it believes it is unconstitutional. • VERY IMPORTANT still today for this reason.

16. Independent Writing • You decide – based on the series of events and information you have learned, which political party would you have supported? Democratic-Republicans or the Federalists? • Write two argumentative paragraphs using the AEC (Assertion, Evidence, Commentary) model. • This means that you should include AT LEAST two events and go over them in some detail.

17. Exit ticket • Which of the following was NOT part of Alexander Hamilton’s Economic Plan? • An excise tax on whiskey • A national bank • The removal of all tariffs • The federal government absorbs the states’ debts from the American Revolution

18. Exit ticket 2) The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions had a lasting impact on the United States in that they did which of the following? • Assured that the balance of power between slave states and free states would remain consistent in Congress. • Outlawed the formation of a national bank, thereby thwarting Hamilton’s plan. • Prevented President Washington from seeking a third term. • Introduced the “doctrine of nullification” in which states refuse to follow federal laws they feel are in violation of the Constitution.

19. Exit Ticket 3) Why might Marbury v. Madison be considered one of the most important Supreme Court cases of all-time?