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History of Arizona’s Basin and Range and Related Landforms

History of Arizona’s Basin and Range and Related Landforms. GCU 221. Game Plan:. Cenozoic history of the Basin and Range - Time step 1 – Compression (Thrust Faults) - Time step 2 – Extension (Fault Block / Metamorphic Core Complexes) - Time step 3 – Basin filling (Playas)

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History of Arizona’s Basin and Range and Related Landforms

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  1. History of Arizona’s Basin and Range and Related Landforms GCU 221

  2. Game Plan: • Cenozoic history of the Basin and Range - Time step 1 – Compression (Thrust Faults) - Time step 2 – Extension (Fault Block / Metamorphic Core Complexes) - Time step 3 – Basin filling (Playas) - Time step 4 – Drainage integration

  3. Cenozoic History of the Basin Range

  4. Cenozoic History of the Basin Range • Time Step 1 - 70 to 20 million years ago Arizona COMPRESSED from North America overriding the Pacific Plate

  5. Cenozoic History of the Basin Range • Time Step 1 - 70 to 20 million years ago How compression works…

  6. Cenozoic History of the Basin Range • Time Step 1 - 70 to 20 million years ago “Keystone Thrust Fault”

  7. Cenozoic History of the Basin Range • Time Step 1 - 70 to 20 million years ago “Arizona Thrust Faults”

  8. Cenozoic History of the Basin Range • Time Step 2 - 20 to 10 million years ago Arizona EXTENDED because North America overrode a “spreading center”

  9. Cenozoic History of the Basin Range • Time Step 2 - 20 to 10 million years ago “San Andreas Fault” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZxPTLmg0ZCw

  10. Cenozoic History of the Basin Range • Time Step 2 - 20 to 10 million years ago “Compression to extension” • Two major features: • Fault Block Mountains • Metamorphic Core Complexes

  11. Cenozoic History of the Basin Range • Time Step 2 - 20 to 10 million years ago Fault Block Mountains

  12. Cenozoic History of the Basin Range • Time Step 2 - 20 to 10 million years ago “Little More Complicated”

  13. Cenozoic History of the Basin Range • Time Step 2 - 20 to 10 million years ago Arizona Fault Block Mountains

  14. Cenozoic History of the Basin Range • Time Step 2 - 20 to 10 million years ago “Sierra Estrella Mountains”

  15. Cenozoic History of the Basin Range • Time Step 2 - 20 to 10 million years ago “Camelback Mountain” – Red Tertiary deposits and very old granite, typical Fault Block

  16. Cenozoic History of the Basin Range • Time Step 2 - 20 to 10 million years ago Death Valley Normal Fault

  17. Cenozoic History of the Basin Range • Time Step 2 - 20 to 10 million years ago Metamorphic Core Complexes

  18. Cenozoic History of the Basin Range • Time Step 2 - 20 to 10 million years ago South Mountain

  19. Cenozoic History of the Basin Range • Time Step 2 - 20 to 10 million years ago Tempe Butte – A fault block that rotated away from South Mountain

  20. Cenozoic History of the Basin Range • Time Step 2 - 20 to 10 million years ago Catalina Mountains

  21. Cenozoic History of the Basin Range • Time Step 2 - 20 to 10 million years ago Catalina Mountains

  22. Cenozoic History of the Basin Range • Time Step 2 - 20 to 10 million years ago Can you find a fault block mountain and a metamorphic core complex? How can you tell?

  23. Cenozoic History of the Basin Range • Time Step 2 - 20 to 10 million years ago Harcuvar Mountains. Bonus, Bear Claw Mountains or a detachment fault.

  24. Cenozoic History of the Basin Range • Time Step 3 – 10 to ~5 million years ago Extension shuts down, Arizona dominated by interior drainage

  25. Cenozoic History of the Basin Range • Time Step 3 – 10 to ~5 million years ago Interior drainage in arid locations forms playas or dry lakes Arizona kinda looked like numerous Death Valleys http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lEOYyjYVkR0

  26. Cenozoic History of the Basin Range • Time Step 3 – 10 to ~5 million years ago Death Valley… again

  27. Cenozoic History of the Basin Range • Time Step 3 – 10 to ~5 million years ago Arizona’s old Death Valleys

  28. Cenozoic History of the Basin Range • Time Step 3 – 10 to ~5 million years ago Wilcox Playa

  29. Cenozoic History of the Basin Range • Time Step 4 – ~5 to the present Arizona’s drainages become mostly integrated

  30. Development and integration of the Salt, Verde, and Gila Rivers

  31. Things to know: • Basin and Range History - Time step 1 – Compression (Thrust Faults) - Time step 2 – Extension (Fault Block / Metamorphic Core Complexes) - Time step 3 – Basin filling (Playas) - Time step 4 – Drainage integration (basin spillover) If you have questions, ask Dr. Douglass

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