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Rhetorical Appeals and Devices

Rhetorical Appeals and Devices. What is Rhetoric?. The art of persuasion It’s a science!. Overview . Rhetorical Appeals (big picture) Rhetorical Devices (small picture). Rhetorical Appeals. Rhetorical Appeal: Three major elements of persuasion (Aristotle): Ethos Pathos Logos

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Rhetorical Appeals and Devices

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  1. Rhetorical Appeals and Devices

  2. What is Rhetoric? • The art of persuasion • It’s a science!

  3. Overview Rhetorical Appeals (big picture) Rhetorical Devices (small picture)

  4. Rhetorical Appeals • Rhetorical Appeal: Three major elements of persuasion (Aristotle): • Ethos • Pathos • Logos • Use of all three makes the best argument

  5. Rhetorical Appeals Ethos • Persuasion based on the author’s credibility • We tend to believe those we trust • Education • Expertise • Reputation • Good will

  6. Rhetorical Appeals (Continued) Logos • Persuasion based on LOGIC • Reasoning • Facts • Statistics • Numbers/Data

  7. Rhetorical Appeals Continued Pathos • Persuasion based on emotion • Stories • Word Choice • Strong images • Audience’s values/needs

  8. Add all three...

  9. Notes Check Label: Rhetorical Appeals Note Check What are the three rhetorical appeals? Define each appeal. Give your own example for each appeal.

  10. Rhetorical Devices • Language techniques used to emphasize amessage and persuade the audience • Figures of Speech • Repetition • Syntax • Sound

  11. Rhetorical Devices • Figures of Speech • Epic/Extended Simile • Comparing two things with ‘like’ or ‘as’ for several lines • E.g. Incensed with indignation, Satan stood Unterrified, and like a comet burned, That fires the length of Ophiuchus huge In th' arctic sky, and from his horrid hair Shakes pestilence and war.  • Metaphor • A direct comparison of two unlike things • E.g. “All the world’s a stage”—Shakespeare

  12. Rhetorical Devices • Figures of Speech (Last Slide) • Allusion • Reference to something (literature, location, myth, art, etc) either directly or by implication • E.g. “Don’t bite the apple, Eve, caught up in the crowd…” –Jay Z, Empire State of Mind • Imagery • Visually descriptive language • “He was a big, beefy man with hardly any neck, although he did have a very large mustache.”—description of Vernon Dursley, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone

  13. Rhetorical Devices • Syntax (Sentence structure) • Parallel Structure • A balance of two or more similar words, phrases or clauses. • “With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day” –Martin Luther King Jr, “I Have a Dream”

  14. Rhetorical Devices • Syntax (Continued) • Rhetorical Question • A question posed for persuasive effect without the expectation of a reply • “How many roads must a man walk down before you can call him a man?”—Bob Dylan, “Blowin’ in the Wind”

  15. Rhetorical Devices • Repetition • Anaphora • Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses • “But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land.” –MLK, Jr “I Have a Dream”

  16. Rhetorical Devices • Repetition • Polysyndeton • Use of coordinating conjunctions in rapid succession • “And every living substance was destroyed which was upon the face of the ground, both man, and cattle, and the creeping things, and the fowl of the heaven; and they were destroyed from the earth: and Noah only remained alive, and they that were with him in the ark.” Genesis 7:22-24 • Restatement: • Expressing the same idea in different words • “Dear Darla, I hate your stinking guts. You make me vomit. You're scum between my toes! Love, Alfalfa.”—The Little Rascals

  17. Rhetorical Devices • Sound • Homonyms • Use of words that sound alike but have different meanings. • “Children need your presence more than your presents.” --Jesse Jackson • Alliteration • The occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words • Peter Parker, Bruce Banner, Clark Kent, Scott Summers: all names of famous superheroes’ alter egos

  18. Rhetorical Devices • This is not an exhaustive list! • Antimetabole (Ask not…) • Litotes • Antanaclasis (You’ll be fired…) • Aposiopesis • The list goes on…

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