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National Parks formed by Mountain Building & Uplift

National Parks formed by Mountain Building & Uplift. Grand Teton National Park Great Smoky National Park. Mountain Building and Uplift. Mountains usually form in ranges, long but narrow zones. Accumulation of sediment Orogenesis Folding, thrust faults, meta, intrusions Adjustment

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National Parks formed by Mountain Building & Uplift

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  1. National Parks formed by Mountain Building & Uplift Grand Teton National Park Great Smoky National Park

  2. Mountain Building and Uplift • Mountains usually form in ranges, long but narrow zones. • Accumulation of sediment • Orogenesis • Folding, thrust faults, meta, intrusions • Adjustment • Extension, block-faulting, uplift • many ranges -> mountain belts

  3. Formation of Appalachians • 300 mya collision • Erosion • 180 mya rifting

  4. Mountain Belts of North America

  5. Grand Teton National Park FVH 07 AUG 2005

  6. Vital Statistics • Northwest Wyoming • ~310,000 acres • ~480 square miles

  7. Human History • 5000 BC - Native Americans in area as early as this • 1800’s Blackfeet, Crow, Flathead, Gros Ventre, Nez Perce, Shoshone, Ute Tribes • 1820’s – 1840’s “Mountain Men” trappers

  8. Human History • 1870’s Hayden Geological Surveys • 1880’s Settlers • 1929 established as NP

  9. Geologic Features • Fault Block Mountains • Cross-cutting Relationships • Glacial Features

  10. Tilting of Fault-Block Mountain

  11. Teton Fault

  12. Teton Fault

  13. Geologic Features • Fault Block Mountains • Cross-cutting Relationships • Glacial Features

  14. Geologic Features • Fault Block Mountains • Cross-cutting Relationships • Glacial Features

  15. Glacial FeaturesU-shaped Valleys

  16. Glacial features - moraine

  17. Glacial features - moraine

  18. Geologic History • 2800 mya Precambrian: seds and vol, later meta • 2500 mya igneous intrusions • 1400 mya basalt intrusions dike • Pz shallow water sediments • Mz marine and continental sediments • Mz ~70 mya uplift Larimide Orogeny

  19. Geologic History (con’t) • Cenezoic • 40-55 mya uplift and volcanism • 25-40 mya volcanism lessens, faulting • 8-10 mya lake, volcanism, major block faulting • Pleistocene – erosion • Pleistocene – glaciation • Most melted by 8,000 years ago • Reformed by 4,000 years ago

  20. Great Smoky Mountains National Park

  21. Vital Statistics • Straddles NC/TN border • ~517,000 acres • ~815 square miles • 5000-6000 ft elevation

  22. Human History • Cherokee Tribes • 1540 de Soto named Appalachian Mts • 1700’s settlers, mostly English or Scot-Irish • 1815 Gold discovered • 1838-39 winter Cherokee evicted • Trail of tears

  23. Human History • 1899 NP first suggested • 1920 traction by motor clubs • 1926 Bill passed to authorize a Park • 1934 enough land was purchased • 1940 Dedicated by FDR

  24. Features • The “smoke” in Smoky • Moisture • Terpenes • The Balds (treeless areas) • Grass balds • Heath balds

  25. Geologic Features • Basement Complex • Folded Rocks • Faulting • Fenster • Inliers

  26. Geologic Features • Outliers • Metamorphic zones • Granitization • The Sinks • Sedimentary features

  27. Geologic History • Pre-Cambrian • 1000 mya formation of basement complex • Ocoee rocks mostly sandstone and conglomerate • Paleozoic Marine Limestones with some shales • Late Pz folding and faulting • Appalachian Orogeny • Mz & Cz erosion and uplifts • .5 mya to 20,000 glaciations

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