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Chapter 27 Section 3

Chapter 27 Section 3. End of the War & Victory in Asia. Yalta Conference. Yalta Conference: February 1945 Plan for Postwar Peace Big 3 FDR Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Meeting Agreements: Russia Declare War Japanese 3 Months after Surrender Divide Germany

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Chapter 27 Section 3

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  1. Chapter 27 Section 3 End of the War & Victory in Asia

  2. Yalta Conference • Yalta Conference: • February 1945 • Plan for Postwar Peace • Big 3 • FDR • Winston Churchill • Joseph Stalin • Meeting Agreements: • Russia Declare War • Japanese • 3 Months after Surrender • Divide Germany • New International Peace Organization • American Politics: • President Roosevelt • Fourth Term • Harry Truman – Vice President

  3. Holocaust • Holocaust • German slaughtering of European Jews • Gypsies, Poles, mentally disabled, religious and political prisoners • Genocide – deliberate annihilation of an entire people • Hitler’s “Final Solution of the Jewish Question” • Major Death Camps • German • Dachau • Bergen-Belsen • Poland • Aushwitz • Treblinka • Majdanek • 6 Million Jews • 1/3 of Europe’s Jewish Population • http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/campmap.html

  4. Race to Berlin • War in Europe 1945: • Allies Bomb German Cities • Destruction • Civilian Deaths • March 1945: • Allies Cross Rhine River • Eastern Europe • Soviets Occupy • Eisenhower Pushes East • Fast as Possible • German Surrender: • Hitler's 1,000 Year Reich... • April 30, 1945 • Hitler Commits Suicide • May 7, 1945 • Unconditional Surrender • May 8, 1945 • Known as V-E Day • Victory in Europe

  5. Island Hopping • US Strategy • Island Hopping • Attack and seize only certain strategic Japanese held islands • Cut off supplies and troop reinforcements • Began in November 1943 • Airstrips for next Allied advance • Gilbert Islands • Tarawa • Coral Reef encircled island • Marines had to wade onto beach • 1,000 marines killed / 2,000 wounded • Gave US control of vital airstrip

  6. Island Hopping Continued • Saipan • Marshall Islands • Japanese Fleet Headquarters • 127,000 soldiers • 2/3 Marines • Japan running low on planes • Lost 350 Japanese Planes • US lost 30 • Saipan 32,00 Japanese Defenders • US suffered 16,000 casualties • 3,400 Dead • US takes Guam in August • Important for US to have these Islands • Launch attacks on Mainland Japan • March 1945 launch raid on Tokyo • Firestorms destroyed much of the city

  7. Recapturing the Philippines • Japanese resistance stiffens • New Guinea-Philippines Campaign • General Douglas A. MacArthur • US and Australian Troops • North Coast • Fall 1944 • Invade Philippines • Battle of Leyte Gulf • Last, Largest, most decisive • Japanese • Disaster • Lost 4 carriers, • 2 battleships • several cruisers • Fleet no longer a threat • Aided by Filipino guerrillas • February 1945 • Entered Manila • Douglas MacArthur • “I’m a little late, but we finally came.”

  8. Iwo Jima • February 1945 • 750 Miles from Tokyo • Lasted 6 weeks • 20,000 Japanese killed • No Cover • US Marines • Struggled to take • Mr. Suribachi • Tunnels and Bunkers • When they reach • Planted a flag on rocky soil • Photo won a Pulitzer Prize

  9. Okinawa • April 1st, 1945 • Largest landing force in Pacific • 350 miles from Japan • Japanese did not challenge landing • Retreated to southern tip of the island • 5 hours Marines captured an airfield 0 shots fired • 5 days later Japanese Attack • 700 Planes • 350 Kamikaze • “Divine Wind” • 6 US Ships sunk • Bloodiest of the Pacific • Japanese hid in caves • US fired Flamethrowers

  10. Atomic Bomb • European Scientist: • Moving to United States • Albert Einstein in 1933 • Physicist • Warns U.S. • German Research • Manhattan Project: • Atomic Bomb • 1942 • Enrico Fermi • Italian Physicist • Project Success: • Atomic Chain Reaction • 1942 • July 16, 1945 • Successful Test • Alamogordo, New Mexico

  11. End of the War • Unconditional Surrender: • Allies Demand • July 26, 1945 • Truman Orders • Use of Atomic Weapons • Enola Gay: • B-29 Bomber • August 6, 1945 • Hiroshima • 75,000 Killed • August 9, 1945 • Nagasaki • 125,000 Killed

  12. End of War Continued • Japanese Surrender: • September 2, 1945 • USS Missouri • Tokyo Bay • Emperor Hirohito • Kept in Power • Urged by MacArthur to do so

  13. Argument/Justification • Atomic Argument: • Tokyo Considering Peace • Soviet Declaration of War • Threat of Invasion • Surrender • Atomic Justification:* • Iwo Jima & Okinawa • Heavy Am. Loses • Japanese Invasion • Est.1 Million Casualties • Quick End to War • Lives Saved • Both Sides • Display of Power • Soviet Union

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