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Federico Gómez-Delgado PhD Student Roger Moussa Bruno Rapidel Rintaro Kinoshita Alexis Perez

Impacts of shade trees on hydrological services and erosion in a coffee AFS of Costa Rica: scaling from plot to watershed. Federico Gómez-Delgado PhD Student Roger Moussa Bruno Rapidel Rintaro Kinoshita Alexis Perez Philippe Vaast Jean-Michel Harmand Olivier Roupsard. CAFNET Project.

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Federico Gómez-Delgado PhD Student Roger Moussa Bruno Rapidel Rintaro Kinoshita Alexis Perez

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  1. Impacts of shade trees on hydrological services and erosionin a coffee AFS of Costa Rica: scaling from plot to watershed Federico Gómez-Delgado PhD Student Roger Moussa Bruno Rapidel Rintaro Kinoshita Alexis Perez Philippe Vaast Jean-Michel Harmand Olivier Roupsard CAFNET Project INRA

  2. Research questions What is the rate and type of erosion in coffee watersheds and how much do trees reduce it? we propose to assess and model the water balance and sediment yield from plot to watershed Can AF practices be promoted and rewarded as hydrological services? Hydropower profitability is limited by sedimentation of reservoirs. The tools here developed could help in the negotiation of hydrological services between coffee producers and hydropower institutes/companies in Costa Rica

  3. Study site: Cafnet/CoffeeFlux experiment Turrialba river watershed Area = 77 km2 Turrialba volcano Aquiares experimental watershed Area = 1 km2 Mean slope: 20% Max. slope: 89% Coffee plantations COSTA RICA CENTRAL AMERICA

  4. H2O Experimental Plots CO2 Piezometers S.Runoff + Erosion Flux Tower Vapor, Carbon, Climate Water table level Soil properties experiments • Infiltrability • Hydraulic • conductivity Plants + Trees flow experiments • LAI • Interception • Throughfall • Stemflow • Sapflow Rainfall Stations Hydraulic Flume Soil Tubes Rainfall Soil water content Streamflow + Turbidity Cafnet / CoffeeFlux Experimental display

  5. Rainfall and streamflow

  6. Energy balance, ET flux

  7. Cumulative water balance

  8. Simulation of water balance HBV lumped model very high infiltration => low runoff ~> low laminar erosion then: flooding events  non-laminar erosion Potential and actual ET (AET) Soil moisture (SM) Water storage: upper GW box (STZ) middle GW box (SUZ) Water storage: lower GW box (SLZ) Observed precipitation (P) Observed and simul. streamflow (Q)

  9. Sediment loss by watershed

  10. Experimental Plots Surface Runoff (SR) and Sediment Yield (SY)in shaded and non-shaded experimental plots

  11. Water balanceEvent 29/06/09, watershed scale

  12. Sediment Yield (SY)Event 29/06/09, plot to watershed scale Total SY = 564 kg (100%) (measured at the outlet catchment) - SY non-shade = 169 kg (30%) - SY shade = 51 kg (9% ) SY road+n.lam.= 344 kg (61%) Scaled up Scaled up By diff. 2/3 of watershed sediment yield comes from non-laminar sources!

  13. Conclusions We designed an experimental display in a coffe AF system (andosols, montaneaous) in order to assess and model: · the water balance partitioning from plot to watershed · the sediment yield from plot to watershed A combination of techiques and models allowed to evidence that: · streamflow was dominated by the base flow (aquifer) · the infiltration rate was enormous in these conditions (andosols, many roots) · the laminar erosion was low as compared to the non-laminar erosion

  14. Perspectives • to close water balance on one full year at least • to continue accumulating sediment yield • to assess the influence of tree density and slope on plot erosion and scale up to watershed • to explain the origin of non-laminar erosion and see how management can reduce it • to validate in other contrasting watershed (other soil, other slope, other tree density...)

  15. Many thanks! End of presentation

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