Latin American History

1. Latin American History 1.10.11-1.11.11

2. Do Now ~ Page 99 On page 99, please complete your T chart with what you now know about Japanese History. Add to the Class T chart on the back white board!

3. Page 107 Complete a word splash on page 107 with everything you know about Latin American history/culture Contribute to the word splash on the board SAMPLE: Word Splash About Dogs Man’s best friend Fur Many breeds Big teeth

4. Objectives • I can identify the different classes and their roles in colonial Latin America. • I can explain how countries in Latin America came to be independent with revolutionary movements lead by Simon Bolivar and Jose San Martin.

5. Years of Independence

6. Latin American Colonies Peninsulares: men born in Spain. Could hold high office in colonial govt. (0.1%) • Social Structure was sharply divided Creoles: Spaniards born in Latin America. Could not hold high office in col. govt, but can be military officers (22.8%) Mestizos: people of mixed European and Native ancestry Mulattos: Persons of mixed European and African Ancestry Africans Indian Natives to Latin America: little value because were not slaves. Most oppressed group (55.8%)

7. 18th-Century Spanish Efforts to Classify People by Race • Spaniard and Indian produce a Mestizo • From Spaniard and Mestiza, Castiza • Spaniard and Castiza, produce Spaniard • Mestizo and Indian makes Coyote • Black and Spaniard makes Mulatto • Mulatto and Spaniard makes Morisco • Spaniard and Morisca makes Albino • Spaniard and Albino makes a Black-Return-Backwards • Black and Indian makes Wolf • Wolf and Indian makes Zambaiga • Zambaigo and Indian makes Albarazado • Albarazada and Indian makes Chamizo • Chamizo and Indian makes Cambuja • From Albarrado and Indian, a Cachimboreta is born • From Indian and Cambuja, a Wolf-Return-Backwards is born • Wolf-Return-Backwards and Indian makes Hold-Yourself-in-Mid-Air

8. Spaniard and Indian produce a Mestizo http://www.emory.edu/COLLEGE/CULPEPER/BAKEWELL/index.html

9. From Spaniard and Mestiza, Castiza http://www.emory.edu/COLLEGE/CULPEPER/BAKEWELL/index.html

10. Spaniard and Castiza, produce Spaniard http://www.emory.edu/COLLEGE/CULPEPER/BAKEWELL/index.html

11. Mestizo and Indian makes Coyote http://www.emory.edu/COLLEGE/CULPEPER/BAKEWELL/index.html

12. Black and Spaniard makes Mulatto http://www.emory.edu/COLLEGE/CULPEPER/BAKEWELL/index.html

13. Colonialism (cont.) • Peonage- use of laborers bound by debt • Lower classes worked on landowner’s land and were paid in vouchers to be used at landowner’s stores. They quickly fell into debt. • it essentially continues after independence by rich landowners

14. Colonialism (cont.) • Answer questions under your triangle in complete sentences: • What about this social structure is unfair and may have caused people to be upset or want change? • How did the Europeans (Penninsulares and Creoles) keep control over native population?

15. Ideas of Independence • Creoles: educated, well traveled, adopt ideas of Enlightenment and revolution (French Revolution (1799), American Revolution 1776) • Spanish Creoles reject French King • Napoleon wins Spain, and makes his brother king of Spain (Ferdinand VII) • Creoles have no allegiance to a French King of Spain

16. Simon Bolivar • Wealthy Venezuelan Creole • Venezuela declares independence 1811 • Defeat Spanish at Bogota (Columbia) in 1821 • President of Columbia • Independence in Bolivia, Ecuador, Panama • Democratic Ideology for Hispanic America • Jamaican Letter

17. Jose San Martin • From Argentina • Argentina independent 1816 • still under threat by Spanish in Chile and Peru • Marches over Andes Mts. To Chile and wins independence • Leaves his army for Bolivar in Peru to defeat Spanish

18. DAY 2

19. Do Now ~ Page 109 • Pretend you are a Creole in the 1800s. You are educated and have traveled to Europe. Write a journal entry about what it is like in Latin America as a Spanish Colony. Also write about what you want to change and why (Use your notes and memory from yesterday)

20. Objectives • I can describe Latin America’s trade and economics after Independence. • I can explain the United State’s involvement in Latin America with the Spanish-American War.

21. After Independence pg 110 • Colonial Legacy • Political instability • Caudillos: dictators. By 1830, almost all Latin American nations were run by caudillos • “all of Venezuela is my cattle ranch” – Juan Vincent Gomez, Venezuelan caudillo • Some presidents made reforms like education • Voting right for upper and middle class only

22. Economics depend on exports • Trade increases: • Transportation (steamship, railroads) • Refrigeration (food exports possible) Resources Manufactured Goods Resources Who benefits more from this system? Why and How?

23. Economics and Trade • Not self sufficient • Do not develop roads, education • Borrow money from US, Britain, France, Germany • Other nations now have control in Latin America (economic colonialism)

24. US and Latin America

27. US and Latin America • Monroe Doctrine: 1823 policy- American continents can no longer be colonized by Europe. Stay out of Western hemisphere • Roosevelt Corollary (1904): President Roosevelt extends Monroe doctrine and gives US right to be World Police

28. Read and summarize each section on your notes worksheet Roosevelt's December 1904 Annual message to Congress declared: 1) All that this country desires is to see the neighboring countries stable, orderly, and prosperous. Any country whose people conduct themselves well can count upon our hearty friendship. 2) Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society, may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, 3) and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power.

30. Spanish-American War • US intervenes struggle for independence from Spain • Business interests • Fear of Spanish in Western hemisphere • US defeats Spain in 4 months • Cuba independent and other Spanish colonies given to the US (Puerto Rico, Guam, Phillipines)

31. Panama Canal • Connects the Atlantic to the Pacific through Central America • French company tried, but failed • US helps Panama gain independence, Panama gives US land to build canal • US controls a world tollbooth

32. Panama Canal Facts: • The greatest obstacle in building the canal is MALARIA & YELLOW FEVER • first 2 years of building involve clearing brush and draining swamps where mosquitoes bred • The canal took 10 years to build • Cost nearly $400 million dollars • Completed in 1914 just as WWI was beginning • The canal is considered one of the greatest engineering feats of all time