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Female Genital Cutting: Culture & Health

Female Genital Cutting: Culture & Health. Ahoua Koné, MPH, JD Attorney at Law Seattle Immigration & Family Law Group. FGC or FGM: what is it?. Moral outrage? Legitimate exercise of one’s tradition? Violation of rights? Gender discrimination? Health issue?. v. FGC by Country and Age.

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Female Genital Cutting: Culture & Health

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  1. Female Genital Cutting: Culture & Health Ahoua Koné, MPH, JD Attorney at Law Seattle Immigration & Family Law Group

  2. FGC or FGM: what is it? • Moral outrage? • Legitimate exercise of one’s tradition? • Violation of rights? • Gender discrimination? • Health issue?

  3. v

  4. FGC by Country and Age Prevalence Among Younger and Older Women Percent Source: DHS STATcompiler: accessed online at www.measuredhs.com/statcompiler on July 21, 2004.

  5. Classification (by outsiders) (Types 0-III or types I-IV) Type 0: Symbolic act Type I (Sunna) : Clitoridectomy - Partial or complete removal of clitoris Type II (Excision): Removal of clitoris + inner labia Type III (Infibulation): Removal of clitoris + both inner & outer labia + stitching

  6. FGC by type by country

  7. Reasons for practicing FGC? Religious/Cultural rite? Preservation of Female Virginity? Controlling/Enhancing Sexuality? Esthetic/Cosmetic reasons? Cleanliness? Unknown?

  8. Frequency of reasons for Practicing FGC

  9. Health Risks: • Short Term consequences. • Long Term consequences.

  10. Short term health consequences: (percentages from DHS surveys in West Africa, 1999-2001) • Shock / Physical pain • Hemorrhage (11-31%) • Infection (7-32%) • Slow healing (10-23%) • Death

  11. Long term health consequences • Obstetric (Ivory Coast study, 1997) • Increased vaginal tearing & episiotomy (only first birth, 3rd type - infibulation) • No significant difference in obstructed labor, hemorrhage, infections (all types of circumcision) • Urinary tract and genital infections (no data on relative frequency) • Reduced sexual pleasure?

  12. How to address it? Medicalization? Criminalization? Health Education? Advocacy? General Female Education? Eradication? Policy development? Cross-Cultural Interventions?

  13. Percent of women who want to stop FGC

  14. Women vs Men wanting FGC

  15. FGC Trends over Three Generations

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