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Events Leading to the

Events Leading to the. Civil War. Sectionalism Differences. Sectionalism. Factors Contributing to Sectionalism * different economic systems * States’ Rights / Slavery * Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 * Manifest Destiny * Industrial Revolution. Reform Movements. Cause:

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Events Leading to the

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  1. Events Leading to the Civil War

  2. Sectionalism Differences

  3. Sectionalism Factors Contributing to Sectionalism* different economic systems * States’ Rights / Slavery* Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 * Manifest Destiny* Industrial Revolution

  4. Reform Movements • Cause: - Evangelist / 2nd Great Awakening - no longer pre destiny - actions matter - churches split • Effects: - more conscience - Christianity to slaves - slaves viewed message as promise of freedom - Black churches develop - 1st black national convention Religion p. 240

  5. Reform Movements • Cause: - no uniform policy - school conditions varied - almost no attendance laws - classes not divided by grades • Effects: - tax support for schools - public funding for elementary - increase in public school attendance - teacher training Schools Mainly in the NE p. 244

  6. Reform Movements • Cause: - more working outside home - lower wages - no voting rights - could not sit on jury - possessions went to husband • Effects: - Rallies/ Organized groups - worked for reform movements - Temperance movement - Seneca Falls convention - more schools open for women Women p. 254

  7. Reform Movements • Cause: - opening of more factories - new technology - new machines - need for more labor force • Effects: - more job opportunities/ unskilled - increase in production - immigrants & women in jobs - development of unions - regular hours & pay Work-place p. 259

  8. How do they relate ?? • How does sectionalism relate to the Civil War? • How does the reform movement relate to the Civil War? Economic differences, Cultural differences , the West expanded …all these caused more tension between the N & S As the country developed and we saw needs for change/reform… slavery became a bigger issue

  9. Events that Led to the Civil War1. Sectional differences 2. Abolitionist Movement 3. Doctrine of Nullification 4. Missouri Compromise 5. Wilmot Proviso 6. Compromise of 1850 7. Kansas – Nebraska Act 8. Bleeding Kansas 9. Lincoln – Douglas Debate10. Election of 1860 www.coachgreer.com/Road_To_Civil_War_Timeline.htm

  10. Causes for the Abolition Movement:Quakers - challenged slavery on religious groundsGreat Awakening Ministers - believed morally wrong; actions matterWomen - played a big role as reformers - understood being treated unfairlyWestward expansion - new territories kept slave issue in focus

  11. 4 min Abolitionist MovementBegan in the 1830 – 40’sImmediatists - wanted emancipation now - favored violence or force - more effective for public attentionModerates - emancipation slow and gradual - nonviolent tactics - methods would win more public support

  12. Opposition to Abolition:- Many Northerners were racist- Southerners defense * economic reasons * Antebellum South/ part of culture * slaves not able to care for themselves - Federal gov’t using the Gag Rule(p.253)* South refused to debate* adopted by Congress * could not discuss slavery issue

  13. Reform Movements • Cause: - religious beliefs - reformers protesting - publishing magazines - women’s movement • Effects: - Gag rule - revolts - states’ rights Abolition p. 248

  14. Impact of Uncle Tom’s Cabin • Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe • Wakes people to the horrors of slavery • sold Millions • When Lincoln meets Stowe, he says "So you're the little woman who wrote the book that made this great war!" Impact: help to add fuel to the burning desire to see slavery abolished

  15. p. 248-253

  16. Journal – Nat TurnerHero or Madman??? Read in your textbook p. 252 about the Nat Turner Rebellion Based, on what you read, what kind of person do you think Nat Turner was?

  17. Nat Turner Timeline 1831 Aug. 22 Aug. 23 Oct. 30 Nat’s army dissembles after killing 55 white me, women, children. Nat disappears Nat is captured after 70 days Rebellion begins with Nat and his men Nov. 11 Nov. 5 Nov. 1-2 Thomas Gray visits Nat and compiles The Confession of Nat Turner Nat is hanged At trial, Nat pleads his innocence but is found guilty and an insurgent and is sentences to be hanged Dies at noon

  18. Journal – Harriet Tubman Painting • What are the objects in the painting? 2. What is the mood, or atmosphere of the painting? 3. What details help create the mood? 4. How important are the stars, especially the North Star, in the painting? Explain 5. Why might the snake be a good symbol for the evils of slavery?

  19. No. 10 Harriet Tubman Series Created by: Jacob Lawrence

  20. Missouri Compromise 1820 Wilmot Proviso 1846 Compromise of 1850 Kansas - Nebraska Act 1854 Bleeding Kansas 1854-55 Westward Expansion Issues

  21. Balance of power • ~ 11 free and 11 slave states • Missouri applied for statehood • ~ would cause unbalance • ~ South expected to be slave • Missouri enters – slave • Maine enter – free • Rest of the LA territory be divided at • 36 30' N latitude line (set by Congress) • ~ Above free, below slave Missouri Compromise - 1820 p. 222

  22. Missouri Compromise Westward settlement Industrial North Antebellum South

  23. John C. Calhoun • 1832 • sovereign states had agreed to • accept the Constitution • they could nullify anything they did • not agree with inside the state • keep South from leaving the Union • States’ Rights used for justification • (p. 322-323) Doctrine of Nullification

  24. Propose: • 1. territory from MX war remain “free soil” • 2. California - free state • 3. UT & NM terr. - closed to slavery • North • South • Effect: Wilmot Proviso - 1846 favored against (would unbalance Congress to favor N) South threatened to secede from Union p. 306 & Reading guide

  25. Compromise of 1850 - proposed by Henry Clay to Congress - hopes of satisfying the south 4 provisions: 1. CA admitted as a free state 2. UT & NM territories could choose (Free or Slave) - Clay reintroduced popular sovereignty 3. Slave trade would be abolished in D.C. 4. Stricter Fugitive slave laws Who does this compromise tend to favor Why? p. 307

  26. - divided NE territory into 2 states - initial purpose: create opportunities for a Transcontinental RR - KS & NE should be free (north of the 36’ 30 line) - Passing repeals the Missouri Compromise - will established popular sovereignty (states right to choose) - President Pierce signed the K-N bill into law. Kansas – Nebraska Act 1854

  27. How do the Compromise and the K-N Acts affect the popular sovereignty choice?

  28. groups sent people to Kansas to vote and • fight for the cause. • Missourians crossed the border with rifles • to stuff the ballots in favor of slavery • John Brown, an abolitionist went to Kansas • (sent by God to stop the slavery) • * He and his men killed many Bleeding Kansas 1854-55 p. 316

  29. For Kansas the Civil War began in 1855 • Voting caused the battle • to begin • Kansas was a battlefield • over slavery • Bleeding Kansas widened • the gap between the N & S Bleeding Kansas…cont. Kansas enters as.. FREE

  30. John Brown depicted in a mural titled, "Tragic Prelude" by John Steuart Curray. On display in the Kansas State Capitol in Topeka.

  31. Political Split • By late 1850…discontent … political landscape changing • Northern Whigs, anti-slave Democrats, & free-soilers formed the Republican Party - Opposed expansion of slavery - Party had strength due to diversity - united only on slave issue p. 320

  32. Journal - Dred Scott Case • Read p. 332 – Supreme Court decision • What position did Taney’s opinion take? • Why did Taney’s opinion matter legally? • Why did Taney’s opinion matter politically? • 4. What is the Historical impact of Taney’s Supreme Court decision and the 13th Amendment? • 5. How did the DS decision influence American history? • 6. How is this an example of Federalism?

  33. Dred Scott was a slave in Missouri • Owner took him into IL and WI (free terr.) • 4 years later returned to MO • Scott sued for his freedom • (had lived in a free territory) • *Vital questions for Supreme Court • 1. Could Scott sue – Was he a citizen of • the U.S.? • 2. Was slavery a state issue – did being in a • free state make him free? Dred Scott Case 1857

  34. Legal Importance • expanded the reach of slavery by declaring • it property • Political Importance • increased sectional tension • Historical Impact • Supreme Court decision was cancelled out • when 13th&14th amendments passed Dred Scott Case - continued Example of… Checks and Balance

  35. * Candidates / 1858 IL senator election > Democrats - Stephen Douglas >Republicans - Abe Lincoln - Douglas defended popular sovereignty (not slavery) but protecting democracy - Lincoln was anti-slavery * Douglas won the election ~ lost support of southern states * Lincoln (unknown) became well known after the debate Lincoln-Douglas Debate p. 326

  36. John Brown’s Raid - 1859 • Harper’s Ferry, VA • Brown received financial backing from Northern abolitionist • Goal to seize weapons, distribute to slave, start an uprising • Brown was captured • Hanged for treason • Viewed as a martyr , terrorist p. 327

  37. John Brown going to his hanging by Horace Pippin p. 328

  38. * Four candidates running for President > N. Democrats - Stephen Douglas > S. Democrats - John Breckinridge > Republicans - Abe Lincoln > Constitutional Union Party - John Bell * Republicans platform - limit extension of slavery Lincoln ---------- Bell ----------- Douglas --------- Breckinridge (Rep.) (moderates) (Democ.) Election of 1860

  39. Election of 1860 http://edsitement.neh.gov/spotlight.asp?id=138

  40. Southern radicals saw no alternatives but • to secede • Believed secession would be peaceful • It would unify the South • - SC led the way in secession • * justified based on states rights • (said voluntarily joined, voluntary leave) Secession

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