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ATP: The Energy

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ATP: The Energy

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    1. ATP: The Energy 50. Describe the three main components in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). 51. Explain how the addition and removal of a phosphate group in ATP allows energy to be stored and released, as needed, for the cells work. 52. Explain that the energy needed to produce ATP comes from food during cellular respiration. 53. Give examples of the cells work that are dependent on ATP. SC.F.1.4.5 SC.B.1.4.1

    2. What is ATP? ATP is the substance that captures energy from food and powers the bodies of all living things.

    3. ATP The Break down Adenosine Triphosphate Chemically, ATP is an adenine nucleotide bound to three phosphates.

    4. Where does the energy come from? There is a lot of energy stored in the bond between the second and third phosphate groups that can be used to fuel chemical reactions.

    5. Energy in ATP: The Break Down Energy is stored in the covalent bonds between phosphates, with the greatest amount of energy (approximately 7 kcal/mole) in the bond between the second and third phosphate groups. We can write the chemical reaction for the formation of ATP as: a) in chemicalese: ADP + Pi + energy ----> ATP b) in English: Adenosine diphosphate + inorganic Phosphate + energy produces Adenosine Triphosphate The chemical formula for the expenditure/release of ATP energy can be written as: a) in chemicalese: ATP ----> ADP + energy + Pi b) in English Adenosine Triphosphate produces Adenosine diphosphate + energy + inorganic Phosphate

    6. Making ATP

    7. ATP is made in a process called Cellular respiration. It is when sugar and oxygen are used to make energy (ATP) in the process they give off carbon dioxide and water. ATP is then sent to whatever part of the cell needed to give it energy. ATP is like a rechargeable battery When a cell needs energy, it breaks this bond to form adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a free phosphate molecule. http://www.biologyinmotion.com/atp/index.html

    8. In some instances, the second phosphate group can also be broken to form adenosine monophosphate (AMP). When the cell has excess energy, it stores this energy by forming ATP from ADP and phosphate

    9. An analogy between ATP and rechargeable batteries The batteries are used, giving up their potential energy until it has all been converted into kinetic energy and heat/unusable energy. Recharged batteries (into which energy has been put) can be used only after the input of additional energy. Thus, ATP is the higher energy form (the recharged battery) while ADP is the lower energy form (the used battery).

    10. What is ATP used for? The ATP is used for many cell functions including: Transport work moving substances across cell membranes. (remember active transport) Mechanical work, supplying the energy needed for muscle contraction. It supplies energy to heart muscle (for blood circulation) skeletal muscle (such as for gross body movement), chromosomes and flagella to enable them to carry out their many functions. chemical work supplying the needed energy to synthesize the multi-thousands of types of macromolecules that the cell needs to exist. ATP is also used as an on-off switch both to control chemical reactions and to send messages.

    11. TO MUCH ATP!!!!!

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