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Solid Waste Disposal

Solid Waste Disposal. managing dumpsites for rehabilitation and prevention of soil and water pollution the need for recycling using methane from dumpsites for domestic use: heating and lighting safe disposal of nuclear waste. From Gr 12 Examination Guidelines. Solid waste disposal .

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Solid Waste Disposal

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  1. Solid Waste Disposal • managing dumpsites for rehabilitation and • prevention of soil and water pollution • the need for recycling • using methane from dumpsites for domestic use: • heating and lighting • safe disposal of nuclear waste.

  2. From Gr 12 Examination Guidelines Solid waste disposal *State what is meant by solid waste. * State why we should reduce solid waste or find ways of managing it. *Describe the following aspects of solid-waste disposal: • The dangers associated with open dumpsites • Ways in which dumpsites can be managed for rehabilitation and prevention of soil and water pollution • The use of methane from dumpsites for domestic use, such as heating and lighting • The need for recycling • The need for safe disposal of nuclear waste

  3. What is solid waste? Solid or semisolid, nonsoluble material (including gases and liquids in containers) such as agricultural refuse, demolition waste, industrial waste, mining residues, municipal rubbish, and sewage sludge.Read more: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/solid-waste.html#ixzz35NioX64o http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-xA2GMTBskB4/T9GoVfj8foI/AAAAAAAACrw/G1DeE8pfsXA/s640/trash+composition.png

  4. If anything in your dustbin can be reused by somebody else, recycled or repaired it should not be there! Useful loinks: http://www.wasteplan.co.za/research

  5. Waste is Costly • The earth is a closed system. • Any nutrients and resources being taken out of the system (and buried in a landfill, or burnt) are resources lost to us.

  6. To produce one ton of paper, 100 tons of water are used. For every litre of beer, 10 litres of water have been used in the fermenting process. Producing one cellphone requires 75 kg of resources. A toothbrush requires 1,5 kg of resources – coal, oil and water – for its production

  7. Types of waste

  8. Methane gas from landfill sites to energy http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/landfill6.htm explains how this can be done http://s3.amazonaws.com/awesome.good.is/infographics/images/000/000/424/original/1360017375?1360016326

  9. Benefits of recycling http://www.wordle.net/create reduces the amount of waste going into landfill sites, saving airspace; creates jobs and money for schools and organisations; reduces pollution and litter; saves raw materials needed to make new products; reduces the need to import expensive raw materials;

  10. Benefits of recycling • slows down the use of the world’s non-renewable (oil, coal and iron) and renewable resources (trees); • reduces energy costs in manufacturing of containers, packaging, etc. • saves water (used in packaging and product manufacture). Recycling paper uses 50% less water than paper that is made from wood pulp.

  11. Safe disposal of nuclear waste Low level waste This comprises of refuse which may or may not be contaminated with minute quantities of radioactive material. This waste is usually in the form of clothing, plastics, insulation material, paper and coveralls. This waste is generated in the controlled radiological areas of the power station. These items are sealed in clearly marked drums and stored on site until they are moved in one of the truck trips to Vaalputs. On average 475 steel drums and 158 concrete drums are shipped to Vaalputs every year. Vaalputs is the national repository for low and intermediate level waste some 500 km north of Koeberg. http://www.eskom.co.za/Whatweredoing/ElectricityGeneration/KoebergNuclearPowerStation/Pages/Waste_Reracking.aspx

  12. Safe disposal of nuclear waste Intermediate level waste Intermediate level waste consists of purification sludges, spent resins, filter cartridges and irradiated scrap metal. This waste is more radioactive than the refuse but less radioactive than spent fuel. It is mixed in a very specific way with concrete and sealed into appropriately marked concrete drums. These drums also go to Vaalputs. The concrete is constituted in such a way that even if a drum fell off a truck or broke open the radioactive materials inside could not harm the public because it has been sealed inside the concrete and cannot escape.

  13. Safe disposal of nuclear waste SPENT FUEL:High Level Waste (HLW) comprises the metal and mineral waste left over once spent fuel has been reprocessed to extract any re-usable uranium or plutonium. Alternatively, if a decision is taken not to reprocess, then spent fuel is itself considered HLW. HLW has been around since mankind started its large-scale nuclear activities - 55 years ago. The volume of high level waste is small by industrial standards and it is housed safely. It constitutes no health risk to humanity. So governments have no need to rush their decision about what they will do with HLW in the long term. They are in a position to weigh all the options on behalf of their citizens. As a result, very few governments in the world have committed themselves to a final disposal strategy http://www.eskom.co.za/Whatweredoing/ElectricityGeneration/KoebergNuclearPowerStation/Pages/Waste_Reracking.aspx

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