1 / 26

Windows PC Accelerators

Windows PC Accelerators. Reporter ： 吳柏良. Outline. Introduction Windows SuperFetch Windows ReadyBoost Windows ReadyDrive Conclusion. Introduction. Windows PC Accelerators are the mechanism used in Windows Vista to improve performance especially on I/O response time.

kendall
Télécharger la présentation

Windows PC Accelerators

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Windows PC Accelerators Reporter：吳柏良

  2. Outline • Introduction • Windows SuperFetch • Windows ReadyBoost • Windows ReadyDrive • Conclusion

  3. Introduction • Windows PC Accelerators are the mechanism used in Windows Vista to improve performance especially on I/O response time. • Ensuring Memory is well Utilized • SuperFetch：an memory manager that analyzes usage pattern over time to optimize memory content • Avoiding the Disk Bottleneck • ReadyBoost Expanded Memory Devices：support the use of flash storage devices to boost PC performance • ReadyDrive Hybrid Hard Drive：support the use of hybrid hard drives (H-HDDs)

  4. Poor Memory Contents • Typical Memory Pressure Scenario • Memory is populated with pages for Application A • Application B is loaded, pushing App A’s pages out • User switches back to Application A • Application A reloads pages as needed through Pagefaults, pushing out Application B’s pages • Repeat cycle…

  5. Disk Seek Time Problem • Drive Industry Continues to Deliver Impressive Data Rate, Rotation and Interface Speed Improvements • ATA/33  ATA/66  ATA/100  SATA • 4200RPM  5400RPM  7200RPM  10000RPM • 2 MB  8 MB  16 MB • Result：Sequential IO rates of 80 MB/s+ • At that rate, 1 GB of RAM fully populated in ~12.8sec • Seek Times Improving, but not as Significantly • 3.5” Desktop drive avg seek ~10 mSec • 2.5” Mobile drives ~12.5 mSec • Much better when hitting the track buffer… • Result：Random IO rate limited to an effective 1MB/sec • At that rate, populating 1GB of RAM takes ~1024sec!

  6. Disk Seek Time Problem • 50% of MobileMark 2005 I/Os are 4 KB and Random • Files and Structured Files • A single DLL is generally 5 to 6 Disk Locations (min) • Directory, MFT Entry, and other File System Metadata • Programs like Internet Explorer, Adobe Reader, or Outlook use over 100 DLLs • Logging, Transactions, Application Temp Files • A simple Registry Write can require 5 to 6 Random and Ordered Disk Writes

  7. Outline • Introduction • Windows SuperFetch • Windows ReadyBoost • Windows ReadyDrive • Conclusion

  8. Windows SuperFetch • SuperFetch analyzes memory usage patterns to determine the optimal memory content. • SuperFetch uses a lightweight, sophisticated tracking algorithm to determine which pages a user uses most frequently. • When the PC has free physical memory, SuperFetch places candidate pages into memory to make the PC more responsive. • SuperFetch manages both RAM and cache memory.

  9. Outline • Introduction • Windows SuperFetch • Windows ReadyBoost • Windows ReadyDrive • Conclusion

  10. Windows ReadyBoost • ReadyBoost supports the use of nonvolatile flash storage devices to boost system performance. • Allows fast reads to satisfy page faults when page is not in main memory and significantly outperforms disk in random reads by avoiding the rotational and seek latencies.

  11. Windows ReadyBoost • Write-through cache allows user to remove device at any time • Secure • Data is encrypted using AES 128bit crypto • Efficient • Data is compressed by a factor of 1.8X to 2.3X

  12. Windows ReadyBoost • Using a simulated workload on a PC running Windows Vista

  13. Implement Consideratins • Flash Performance • 5 MB/s for random 4K reads • 3 MB/s for random 512K writes • Flash Capacity • 3:1 ratio of ReadyBoost cache size to main memory size will realize optimal performance. • Flash Wear • Unique write gathering algorithm optimizes performance and wear patterns • Projected life of devices 19.4 – 1823 years depending on device size, variant, and usage patterns

  14. Outline • Introduction • Windows SuperFetch • Windows ReadyBoost • Windows ReadyDrive • Conclusion

  15. Windows ReadyDrive Disk comes ready in less than 1 second Up to 90% Power Saving when powered down DRAMCache Read and Write instantly while spindle stopped ATA Interface NVCache Read instantly even while spindle spinning for higher IO rate

  16. Hybrid Hard Disk Boot And Resume Windows Vista OS DRAM ATAController Motherboard NV Cache Hard DiskController • During shutdown or hibernate all the disk sectors needed to boot or resume are pinned into the NV cache • On next power on the BIOS POST runs and the disk is powered on but the spindle won’t be ready for 2-4 seconds • BIOS can read data from the NV cache and all boot process IO can be read from the NV Cache • Once the rotating media is ready IO can be satisfied by both NV Cache and rotating media for optimized read performance 2.5” HDD

  17. ReadyDrive System Startup • Hybrid HDD comes ready faster and fast BIOS POST reads from disk earlier • LBAs needed to start boot process are read fromNV Cache before the magnetic spindle is ready • No seek times for data in NV Cache for the remainder of startup BIOS andDisk spin-up Std HDD Read disk Hybrid HDD Read NV Cache Read disk and NV Cache time

  18. Power Saving Mode Windows Vista OS DRAM ATA Controller Motherboard NV Cache Hard Disk Controller • SuperFetch buffers disk data in system DRAM to fulfill reads • Write IOs buffered in NV cache while disk is spun down • Disk spins up only when • Read cache miss • NV cache full • The disk spins-down and continues to use the NV cache 2.5” HDD

  19. Windows ReadyDrive • ReadyDrive is a hard disk drive with integrated nonvolatile flash memory that acts as a high-performance cache for writes and low-latency reads. • Performance • Faster boot and Resume from Hibernate • Faster and more consistent application launch • Reduced disk contention • Saves battery power • Increased system ruggedness and reliability

  20. Windows ReadyDrive

  21. Windows ReadyDrive Performance

  22. Windows ReadyDrive Power Consumption

  23. Implementatin Consideratins • ATA Command Set • Control what data is pinned for retention in the NV cache • Control the drive power mode • NV Cache Size • The NV cache size as large as 256 MB to 1 GB would be more effective. • NV Cache Performance

  24. Conclusion • Microsoft introduces three mechanisms to improve system performance. • SuperFetch：an memory manager that analyzes usage pattern over time to optimize memory content • ReadyDrive：support the use of flash storage devices to boost PC performance • ReadyBoost：support the use of hybrid hard drives (H-HDDs)

  25. Reference • http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/system/sysperf/perfaccel.mspx • http://download.microsoft.com/download/5/b/9/5b97017b-e28a-4bae-ba48-174cf47d23cd/STO008_WH06.ppt • http://download.microsoft.com/download/5/b/9/5b97017b-e28a-4bae-ba48-174cf47d23cd/CPA131_WH06.ppt

  26. Thank You!

More Related