Sexually T ransmitted I nfections

3. (Also known as Sexually Transmitted Diseases) Sexually Transmitted Infections

5. HOW do you get STI’s? • Sixprimaryways: • 1. Oral sex • 2. Vaginal sex • 3. Anal sex • 4. Skin to Skin contact, primarily through the genital region • 5. Mother-to-baby: during childbirth and/or breastfeeding • 6. Using needles/needle sharing (drugs)

6. 4 Fluids that Transmit STD’s • Blood • Vaginal Fluids • Semen • Breast Milk

7. What is the best way to prevent? • 1. Abstinence is the best and most effective! 100%! • 2. Using a BARRIER method of protection: • A. CONDOM: Latex or polyurethane ONLY B. DENTAL DAM

9. Bacterial STI’s • The most common types of bacterial STI’s are: • Chlamydia • Gonorrhea • Syphilis

10. Chlamydia • One of the most COMMON STI’s • Usually no symptoms AT ALL!! • If symptoms develop, they include: • Discharge from penis or vagina • Burning during urination • Burning or itching around the penis • Pain during intercourse or bleeding Chlamydia infections can occur in the mouth or anus, too!

11. Chlamydia • If untreated, can lead to: • Permanent damage to female reproductive organs • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in females (scarring/damage in uterus, fallopian tubes, etc.) • Infertility (can’t have children) • Infection in male epididymis which could lead to sterility • CAN BE CURED through antibiotics- must be tested!

12. Gonorrhea • Usually no symptoms AT ALL • If symptoms develop, they include: • Vaginal bleeding between your periods. • Pain or burning when you pass urine. • Increased vaginal discharge. • A discharge from your penis. • Painful or swollen testicles Gonorrhea can grow in the mouth, throat, eyes, and anus.

13. Gonorrhea • If untreated, can lead to: • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in females (scarring/damage in uterus, fallopian tubes, etc.) • Males may develop a painful condition in the testicles. In rare cases, this may prevent them from having children. • Chronic pain in the pelvic area • Infertility (can’t have children) • CAN BE CURED through antibiotics- must be tested!

14. Syphilis • Symptoms develop in stages (which can take months-years): • 1st stage (PRIMARY): Sore on the body (often called chancre or shanker) where infection spread (mouth, anus, vagina, penis, tongue, lips, etc.) • 2nd stage (SECONDARY): Non-itchy skin rash develops including reddish-brown spots (often confused with acne) on palms of hands or feet. Also flu-like symptoms (Sore throat, tiredness, headache, swollen lymph glands)

15. Syphilis • 3rd stage (TERTIARY): Most severe stage- can cause damage to internal system. Physical symptoms disappear in 3rd stage. Can cause heart disease, damage to other major organs. • If untreated, can cause death in late stages. • CAN BE CURED with penicillin if caught in the early stages

17. Viral STI’s • The most common viral STI’s are: • Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) • Genital Herpes • Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus (HIV) • Hepatitis B

18. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) • More than 100 HPV types that can infect the skin of the penis, vulva, anus, and the linings of the vagina, cervix, and rectum exist • Symptoms: Usually NONE. • HPV types are often referred to as “low-risk” (wart-causing) or “high-risk” (cancer-causing)

20. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) • Genital warts can occur inside and outside of genital region, and pre-cancerous cells on cervix can be detected through a pap smear. • If left un-treated: Genital warts, cervical cancer, cancer of penis, anus, vagina, etc. • NO CURE, prevention vaccine for males and females available (GET IT!!!!!)

23. Genital Herpes • Caused by:HSV-1 and mostly HSV-2 virus • (Herpes Simplex Virus #1 and #2) • Symptoms: USUALLY NONE, but can include: • Oral herpes: blisters or sores appear on mouth • Genital Herpes: blisters, sores, lesions appear on the genitals

24. Genital Herpes • One or more blisters on or around the genitals or rectum. The blisters break, leaving tender ulcers (sores) that may take two to four weeks to heal the first time they occur • Typically, another outbreak can appear weeks or months after the first • Can result in serious problems if passed to baby during childbirth. • NO CURE, but medications can help. • CAN BE SPREAD even if no sores are present!!!!

25. Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus (HIV) • It is the virus that primarily infects cells of the immune system and that causes the disease known as AIDS. • Spread by oral, vaginal, anal sex, blood transfusions (rare), and sharing needles • Symptoms may not appear for up to TEN years! If so, you may not realize you have it and might be passing it on to others! • Further symptoms: Flu and cold-like symptoms • HIV destroys important key parts of the immune system and leads to infections, death

26. Hepatitis B – Liver hurting virus • Symptoms: Usually NONE. • Some symptoms can include: • yellowish eyes and skin, called jaundice • a longer than usual amount of time for bleeding to stop • swollen stomach or ankles • easy bruising • flu-like symptoms • dark yellow urine

27. Hepatitis B • Chronic hepatitis B is treated with drugs that slow or stop the virus from damaging the liver • Without treatment, chronic hepatitis B can cause scarring of the liver, called cirrhosis; liver cancer; and liver failure.

28. Other STI’s • PARASITIC INFECTIONS INCLUDE: • Trichomoniasis • Pubic Lice (crabs) • ***Note: There are over 30 different types of STI’s that occur in teenagers every year!

29. Trichomoniasis • Protozoan parasitic infection • The vagina is the most common site of infection in women, and the urethra is the most common site of infection in men. • Most men and women with trichomoniasis do not have signs or symptoms; however, some men may temporarily have an irritation inside the penis, mild discharge, or slight burning after urination or ejaculation.

30. Trichomoniasis • Some women have signs or symptoms of infection which include a frothy, yellow-green vaginal discharge with a strong odor. • The infection also may cause discomfort during intercourse and urination, as well as irritation and itching of the female genital area. • Pregnant women with trichomoniasis may have babies who are born early or at a low birth weight

31. Pubic Lice (Crabs) • Pubic lice typically are found attached to hair in the pubic area or found on coarse hair elsewhere on the body • Symptoms include: • Itching in the genital area • Visible nits (lice eggs) or crawling lice • Both over-the-counter and prescription medications are available for treatment of pubic lice infestations. • If not treated, pubic lice will continue to thrive on the body