PROJECT 2: Building-Integrated Wind Energy

1. PROJECT 2:Building-Integrated Wind Energy By Team 4

2. Project Description • To design a building-integrated wind energy system for a given structure that is aesthetically pleasing and efficient enough to provide for all or a majority of the building’s energy needs, while remaining cost-effective • We chose a sports stadium as our building

3. Project Timeline

4. Our Team • We decide to split up the work for more effectiveness time-wise • Two people would work on developing different kinds of turbines • Two would work on developing SolidWorks models of the structures and said turbines • The final person would do the numerical work (material bill, cost efficiency, etc.)

5. Gantt Chart

6. Hierarchal Chart • 1:Efficiency • Needs to produce lots of energy • Savings must outweigh costs • Must produce enough energy consistently to power lighting and sound systems • 2:Aestetics • Must be visually appealing • Attendees must not find them to be an eyesore • 3:Integrity • Cannot drastically change structure of stadium • Must be integrated fully into pre-existing structures

7. Revised Problem Statement • To produce a building-integrated energy system for Lincoln Financial Field that can provide adequate power for the lighting and sound systems without costing much or damaging/altering the structure of the stadium itself drastically.

8. Our ideas… • We thought extensively about which kind of wind turbines to use • We needed something that would be effective at gathering wind, but at the same time be aesthetically pleasing

9. Our ideas, cont’d • We knew that we were going to need one kind of VAWT and one kind of HAWT • For the VAWT, we looked at a standard helix turbine and a tubular version • For the HAWT, we considered a windmill style, or a helix style

10. Morphological Chart

11. Pugh Charts

12. Our models • We eventually decided to incorporate two different types of turbines instead of just one • We used vertical turbines on the outer sections of the stadium on the support beams • We used horizontal turbines underneath the lighting structures, above the seating area

13. OUTER VAWT TURBINES • We decided to use vertical turbines on the outer parts of the stadium, on support beams • We would have 3 VAWTs per pillar, and place the system on every other pillar • We would use this system to provide energy for path lighting as well as some outlying concessions and the pro shop • We made this aesthetically pleasing by covering the system with the see-through mesh material used on Lincoln Financial Field’s walkways; by printing images of popular players on this fabric, we can make the system look interesting and appeal to fans, and at the same time the mesh is open enough that wind can still get through unhindered. This seemed like a good compromise between functionality and visual appeal.

14. How it works • I know from personal experience that due to the way building are situated around it, and the river nearby, there’s a lot of wind going past the outside of the building • (we tried to get official wind readings, but personnel at LFF said it was classified) • These structures will simply catch the wind as it passes. The wind will cause the turbines to spin, which will power generators, to which the power is fed via electrical system to inside the stadium. These generators are small and individual to each turbine. • Once the power has been transferred, it will be fed to whatever the nearest consumer is, usually either the Eagles Pro Shop or one of many food or souvenir stands.

15. VAWT TURBINE PLACEMENT

16. STRUCTURE Support structure for VAWT Pre-existing structure

17. VAWT TURBINE NOTE: this is only one size of turbine. Due to the shape of the structure, different turbines will vary in height slightly.

18. Assembled structure

19. Mesh material hung from these supports

24. INNER HAWT TURBINES • In addition to the VAWTs, we decided to use HAWTs as well • These are placed at a much different area, and will be used to power different things

25. HAWT TURBINES • We decided the best place for these turbines would be under the lighting structure that encompasses the stadium • I know from 8 years of Eagles season tickets in the stadium’s top row that wind speeds are much higher at the top of the stadium than anywhere else in the vicinity of the stadium • These turbines can be a large size without endangering patrons or obstructing their view • It is also a convenient way to power the lighting and sound systems

26. How it Works • Wind is naturally funneled into this area of the stadium • The wind coming through spins the horizontal turbines around • These turbines, in addition to being capable of storing their energy in a generator, can also, during an event, feed their energy directly to the lighting/sound system directly above them, saving energy otherwise lost in the process of capacitating it

27. HAWT TURBINE PLACEMENT

28. STRUCTURE (top of stadium) Lighting Structure Seating Area

29. Support Bar for Turbines

30. HAWT TURBINE

31. ASSEMBLY

32. (CLOSE-UP OF TURBINES)

33. NOTE: safe distance above audience, also doesn’t obstruct view

35. Bill of materials

36. Cost- efficiency • is the cost efficient enough? The stadium consumes almost 3000 KW/h on a game day. Our design provides horizontal turbines that produce about 5000kw/h at 28 mph. Since wind factor can not be predicted we provided extra vertical turbines located outside the stadium which produce…(I don’t know bcz it is special design. We will figure that out tomorrow when we meet)

37. Cost - efficiency • How much does the kw/h cost? • 4 cent to 15 cent . • We took an average of 10 cent for the cost of Kw/h • How much kw/h does the stadium need for a game day and how much will it cost ? • We used 3000kw/h per game day which will cost $7200 per game . • Which means if there were only 10 games every year that would cost $72000. • So in almost three years it will cover the total cost of the turbine project .

38. Cost – efficiency • The turbine produces 5000kw/h per a game day • So if we calculate the cost of kw/h for more than five years we will see that the cost will be less with the turbine project than the usual cost of consumption of electricity.

39. Closing Remarks • In all, I believe that our project accomplished the goals we set forth for ourselves in creating a cost-efficient wind-energy system for Lincoln Financial Field. • Our designs are solid, and our ideas are practical for real-life use • Though we fell slightly behind schedule originally, we eventually got our group together, and then the project was easy.

40. THE END!