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The Restoration and the 18 th century

1660-1800. The Restoration and the 18 th century. “The Restoration”. This period has also been known as: “The Augustan Age” “The Neoclassical period” “The Enlightenment” “The Age of Reason” “The Restoration and the 18 th Century” applies to all. Not “why?” but “how?”.

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The Restoration and the 18 th century

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  1. 1660-1800 The Restorationand the 18th century

  2. “The Restoration” • This period has also been known as: • “The Augustan Age” • “The Neoclassical period” • “The Enlightenment” • “The Age of Reason” • “The Restoration and the 18th Century” applies to all.

  3. Not “why?” but “how?” • “Age of Reason” and “Enlightenment” – people were changing their views of the world • People begin studying the human body and the laws of the universe • Used to think that everything was a sign from the heavens – plagues, comets, etc • Finally our looking for the “how” – the scientific answer and not the religious explanation

  4. Edmond Halley • Astronomer • Calculated the orbit of a particular comet – 76 years • “Halley’s Comet” • Took the terror out of celestial phenomena • People begin to say, “If comets are not sent by God to warn people, perhaps God doesn’t interfere at all in human affairs”

  5. Religious Oppression • Charles II establishes the Anglican Church as the official church of the country • Attempts to outlaw all the various Puritan and Independent sects • People are desiring religious freedom! • English are beginning to settle North America • Revolutionary War: 1775–1783

  6. Social Classes • Huge gap between rich and poor: • Upper Class: • extravagant clothing, apparel, hair, and makeup – women and men. • Spent time in coffee houses, spas, and dances. • Lower Class: • Families lived in one-room houses. • Streets were filthy – covered in human waste and bloody remains from butcher shops. • 74% of children died before the age of 5 from disease

  7. Literature: • Journalism – newspapers • Daniel Defoe – “middle class” values such as thrift, prudence, industry, and respectability • Looked down upon by upper-class writers • Novels - introduced. • Targets a middle-class audience

  8. Literature: • Poetry: • “Odes” – an ambitious, often pompous poetic utterance expressing a public emotion • “Elegy” – celebrate a dead person; usually phony • “Satire” • Makes fun of something or someone – usually a flaw in society • Meant to be funny

  9. Alexander Pope • Addresses his work exclusively to the educated and leisured classes, but also makes fun of them! • “Satire” • Attacks them for their immorality and their bad taste

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