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专题十二　简单句 ( 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句 )

专题十二　简单句 ( 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句 ). ┃ 陈述句 ┃. 陈述句是用于陈述事实和观点的句子。包括肯定结构和否定结构。肯定句变否定句的基本方法如下： 1 ． be 动词的否定式：在 be 动词后面加否定词 not 。如： We aren't classmates. 我们不是同学。 2 ．情态动词的否定式：在情态动词后面直接加否定词 not 。如： I can't speak English well. 我英语说得不好。

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专题十二　简单句 ( 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句 )

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  1. 专题十二　简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句)专题十二　简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句)

  2. ┃陈述句┃ 陈述句是用于陈述事实和观点的句子。包括肯定结构和否定结构。肯定句变否定句的基本方法如下： 1．be 动词的否定式：在be动词后面加否定词not。如：We aren't classmates. 我们不是同学。 2．情态动词的否定式：在情态动词后面直接加否定词not。如： I can't speak English well. 我英语说得不好。 3．实义动词的否定式：借助助动词do/ does构成。一般现在时的句子结构为：主语＋doesn't/don't ＋动词原形＋其他。如：He doesn't do exercise every day.他不是每天锻炼。 专题十二　简单句

  3. ┃疑问句┃ 疑问句的主要交际功能是提出问题，询问情况。分为一般疑问句、选择疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句。 1．一般疑问句：通常用来询问一件事情是否属实。答句通常是“Yes”或“No”。如： —Are you tired? —Yes, I am.“你累吗？”“是的，我累。” 2．选择疑问句：指提出两个或两个以上可能的答案供对方选择。如： Shall we go home or stay here for the night? 我们回家还是待在这里过夜？ 专题十二　简单句

  4. 3．特殊疑问句：以疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。如：3．特殊疑问句：以疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。如： What do you like most? 你最喜欢什么？ 4．反意疑问句：反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，由两部分组成，前一部分是对事物的陈述(即陈述句)，后一部分是简短的提问(即简短疑问句)，中间用逗号隔开。要遵循“前否后肯”、“前肯后否”的原则，且两部分的人称和时态要一致。 专题十二　简单句

  5. 中考中常见的反意疑问句的构成情况如下： (1)陈述部分为Let us…时，问句部分习惯上用“will you？”； 陈述部分为Let‘s…时，问句部分习惯上用“shall we？”如： Let us go to the cinema, will you? Let’s go to the cinema, shall we? 专题十二　简单句

  6. (2)陈述部分为“There (Here)＋ be ＋ 主语”时，问句部分用“动词＋there(here)？”形式。如： There are two cakes on the plate, aren't there? (3)反意疑问句的陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom等否定意义的词时，问句部分用肯定式。如： She seldom goes swimming, does she? (4)陈述部分的主语为指物的不定代词时，问句部分的主语用it。如： Something is wrong with the computer, isn't it? 专题十二　简单句

  7. (5)陈述部分的主语为指人的不定代词时，问句部分的主语用he或 they，这时问句动词的数应和he或 they一致。如： Someone is knocking at the door, isn't he? (6)反意疑问句的陈述部分为“I (We) don‘t think(believe, suppose, consider)＋ that从句”时，问句部分的动词和主语仍与that从句保持一致且用肯定式。如： I don't think that he has finished the work on time, has he? 专题十二　简单句

  8. (7)反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un­， im­， in­， dis­等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时，陈述部分要视为肯定含义，问句部分用否定形式。如：It is unfair, isn't it? (8)陈述部分为肯定的祈使句时，反意疑问句部分可用will you/ won't you; 陈述部分为否定的祈使句时，反意疑问句部分只能用will you。 如： Don't make any noise, will you? 专题十二　简单句

  9. ┃祈使句┃ 祈使句是表示请求、命令、劝告、祝愿或建议的句子。否定式是直接在动词原形前加don't。常见的祈使句的基本句型如下： 1．动词原形＋其他。 如： Be careful. 2．Do ＋动词原形(加强语气)。如： Do be careful next time. 3．加please的祈使句(表示更加客气和礼貌)。如： Open the door, please. 专题十二　简单句

  10. ┃感叹句┃ 感叹句一般用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用what或how引导，句末用感叹号。 1．what引导的感叹句。 (1)What＋a/an＋形容词＋单数可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)！如：What a difficult question it is! (2)What＋形容词＋复数可数名词/不可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)！如：What useful information! 专题十二　简单句

  11. 2．how引导的感叹句。 (1)How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！如： How kind they are! (2)How＋陈述句(主语＋谓语)！如： How time flies! 3．what引导的感叹句可以和how引导的感叹句互换。如： What a good girl! ＝ How good the girl is! 专题十二　简单句

  12. ┃倒装句┃ 1．副词位于句首时。here, there, now, then等副词置于句首时，谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。这种倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。如： Here he comes.他来了。 2．only在句首强调状语。如： Only then did he realize that he was wrong.到那时他才意识到他错了。 专题十二　简单句

  13. 3．以so/neither/nor开头的句子。 此句型说明前面的内容也适用于后者，用倒装句“so/neither/nor＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语”。如： John can't swim, neither can I. 专题十二　简单句

  14. ┃中考透视┃ (　　)1.[2012•南充] —________ weather! It's raining! —Bad luck! We can't go climbing today. A. What bad B．How bad C．What fine D．How fine A　此题考查what引导的感叹句：What ＋形容词＋ 不可数名词！ 专题十二　简单句

  15. (　　)2.[2012•孝感] —She's never spoken to a foreigner, ________？ —Yes. She's active and can speak English freely. A．is she B．has she C．isn't she D．hasn't she B　反意疑问句的陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom等否定意义的词时，问句部分用肯定式。 专题十二　简单句

  16. (　　)3.[2012•永州] ________ get off the bus before it stops. A．Don't B．Doesn't C．Didn't D．Hadn't (　　)4.[2012•济宁] —Peter doesn't know many people here. —________. A．So do I B．So am I C．Neither am I D．Neither do I A　祈使句的否定形式是在动词原形前面加don't。 D 专题十二　简单句

  17. (　　)5.[2012•淮安] —________ can we find your brother at weekends? —On the football field. A．WhenB．Which C．Why D．Where D　对地点状语进行提问用疑问副词where。 专题十二　简单句

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