Indicators and Drivers of Occupancy Costs defining the problem approach objectives/ results

1. Indicators and Drivers of Occupancy Costs • defining the problem • approach • objectives/ results Dipl.-Ing. Elisabeth Beusker Prof. Dr. Christian Stoy Institute for Construction Economics University of Stuttgart ERES Conference 2009 1

2. defining the problem occupancycostscomprisethebiggestpart of LCC occupancy costs p.a. in percentage of the construction costs , related to different object-types (according to Grondring) 3 - 4 years schools an kindergartens 30% ERES Conference 2009 2

3. defining the problem operation and maintenance costs €/ m² gross external area * year (incl. VAT, 2007) school 1 school 2 school 3 school 4 school 5 school 6 gymnasium 1 gymnasium 2 gymnasium 3 gymnasium 4 gymnasium 5 gymnasium 6 utilities operation, inspection and repair cleaning/care of the building maintenance of constructions cleaning/care of external structures maintenance of technical installations ERES Conference 2009 3

4. approach ►what comprises and drives occupancy costs of municipal buildings? phase I phase II phase III objectives ► databased management of municipal buildings definitionof relevant costdrivers definitionofthecoststructure collectingthedata (schools, gymnasiums) analyzinganddescribingthedata definitionof relevant costdriversandindicators ERES Conference 2009 4

5. definition of relevant cost drivers factor groups indicators (examples) utilization type, standard and intensity of use builidng characteristics functional charactristics geometry, orientation of the building technical characteristicsyear, type and present condition of constructions, percentage of glass surfaces, kind of energy source,standard of technical installations strategie maintenance strategie, energy management, reporting contracting, outsourcing-rate location region topography of the plot environment standards, market dynamics, climate ERES Conference 2009 5

6. definition of the cost structure - DIN 18960 (2008) capital costscapital resources, depreciation management costslabour costs, material costs, external services operating costscosts of utilities, costs of wast disposal, costs of cleaning an care, costs of operation, inspection and repair,costs of monitoring and security, charges and contributions maintenance costsmaintenance costs of constructions, maintenance costs of technical installat., maintenance costs of external structures, maintenance costs of interiors ► object-related occupancy costs ERES Conference 2009 6

7. collecting the data (schools, gymnasiums) investigation of occupancy costs (cross tabulation) • time-series analysis quantity survey • plot areas • areas and volumes of buildings, DIN 277 (2005) • element surfaces investigation of object data (data entry form) • general data of the object • interviews (occupants, facilities manager, owner) • present condition of constructions and technical installations • plan-specific data ERES Conference 2009 7

8. objectives of the investigation • description and quantification of relevant cost drivers for occupancy costs (design rules, basic conditions) • definition of relevant indicators for occupancy costs results for the projectpartner • occupancy costs benchmarks of municipal buildings • mitigation occupancy costs (provision of real estate, allocation of occupancy expenditures to external users) • forecasting occupancy costs • utilization of LCC as a decision criterion (evaluation of alternatives in early project phases) ►optimization of planning, building and using cost-optimized and financially sustainable real estate ERES Conference 2009 8