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Electricity

Electricity. The origin, motion, and energy of electrons in circuits; The role of batteries as energy sources and resistors as energy dissipaters in circuits; Conceptual understanding of potential difference (i.e., voltage); Current and resistance and the relationship between them.

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Electricity

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  1. Electricity

  2. The origin, motion, and energy of electrons in circuits; • The role of batteries as energy sources and resistors as energy dissipaters in circuits; • Conceptual understanding of potential difference (i.e., voltage); • Current and resistance and the relationship between them.

  3. What Gives Matter a Charge?

  4. In Chemistry, you already learned about the interaction of charges. • Objects with opposite charges (one negative, one positive) will attract each other. • Objects with like charges (both negative or both positive) will repel each other.

  5. Let’s see what else you remember!

  6. A particle with a positive charge is called a/an _______________. proton neutron electron

  7. A particle with a negative charge is called a/an _______________. proton neutron electron

  8. _________ means to push away. _________ means to pull together. charge charge attract attract repel repel

  9. If an electrically-neutral object GAINS electrons, what charge does it now have? positive neutral negative

  10. If an electrically-neutral object LOSES electrons, what charge does it now have? positive neutral negative

  11. Let’s start with some vocab… Electricity Circuit Current

  12. Let’s start with some vocab… Electricity- a form of energy resulting from charged particles. Circuit- a closed loop that electrons can flow through Current-a measure of the flow of electrons (how many electrons pass a point per second) (measured in Amps)

  13. What is the difference between open and closed circuits?

  14. Click on a term to reveal its definition. circuit opencircuit closed circuit Proceed to quiz

  15. Circuit: A closed-loop path of conduction through which an electric current flows

  16. Open circuit: An incomplete path that will not permit an electric current to flow

  17. Closed circuit: A complete path for electric current

  18. Quiz: What type of circuit is shown in each of the following examples? Open circuit Closed circuit

  19. Open circuit Closed circuit

  20. Closed circuit Open circuit

  21. Open circuit Closed circuit

  22. Open circuit Closed circuit

  23. How Do You Make Electricity Do What You Want?

  24. Click on a term to reveal its definition and examples. Insulator Conductor Continue

  25. Insulator: a substance through which electricity cannot flow readily Examples… wood plastic rubber sulfur glass

  26. Conductor: a material through which electrons can move easily Examples… brass aluminum copper graphite water

  27. Which of these items are conductors?

  28. Which of these items are insulators?

  29. What’s the Best Pathway for Electrons?

  30. There are two main types of circuits: Parallel Series and

  31. Parallel circuits are circuits with more than one pathway through which electrons can flow. Series circuits are circuits with only one pathway through which electrons can flow.

  32. What type of circuits are shown in the following examples? series parallel

  33. parallel series

  34. parallel series

  35. Holiday lights parallel series

  36. Types of energy sources: • Battery: • Has two TERMINALS: • One positively charged & one negatively charged • Chemical reaction occurs in the battery that separates the charges to the positive and negative sides

  37. Electric Potential Energy • This separation of charges (from the chemical reaction) causes a build up of potential energy. • Electrons flow from an area of high PE to low PE. • Just like gravitational potential energy… video

  38. Battery cont • When a circuit is created , electrons flow from the negative end to the positive end • electrons are repulsed by the negative side and attracted to the positive side

  39. Electrical Energy can be transferred • This separation of charges (from the chemical reaction) causes a build up of potential energy. • Electrons flow from an area of high PE to low PE. • Just like gravitational potential energy… video

  40. The Circuit

  41. After the reading “what is voltage?” • Voltage is like water pressure • Voltage is like a “force” at which the current will flow

  42. Potential Difference (voltage) • Voltage is the measure of potential energy supplied to each coulomb of charge • Units- volts (V) • Is dependent on the energy source NOT the circuit! • the more volts a source has, the more potential energy it has.

  43. The rate (“speed”) at which electrons flow • Unit- ampere (A) • (aka “amps”) • An amp is one coulomb of charge per second Current

  44. An amp is one coulomb of charge per second • A coulomb is the unit for charge • There are about 6.24x 1018 electrons in one coulomb

  45. Resistance • Opposes the rate of flow of charge • Unit- Ohms ()

  46. How are resistance and current related? - Lab and worksheet

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