1 / 50

Human Body Systems

Human Body Systems. Respiratory System. Function: Breathing brings air into the lungs and removes waste gases Cellular respiration converts oxygen and glucose to carbon dioxide, water and energy. Respiratory System. Part of excretory system Oxygen in Carbon dioxide and water out.

kevyn
Télécharger la présentation

Human Body Systems

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Human Body Systems

  2. Respiratory System • Function: • Breathing brings air into the lungs and removes waste gases • Cellular respiration converts oxygen and glucose to carbon dioxide, water and energy

  3. Respiratory System • Part of excretory system • Oxygen in • Carbon dioxide and water out.

  4. Respiratory system • Upper and Lower respiratory tracts

  5. Fact • The surface area of the aveoli in your lungs is @ 70 square meters, or about the same as three lanes of a bowling alley.

  6. Diseases of respiratory system • Lung Cancer -3rd leading cause of death in men and women in the U.S. • Emphysema ( causes aveoli to enlarge) • Asthma (lung disorder)

  7. Cardiovascular System • Function: • Pumps oxygen-rich blood throughout the body to tissues and organs. • Coronary circulation is the flow of blood to and from the tissues of the heart. • Pulmonary circulation is the flow of blood through the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart.

  8. Organs of the circulatory system • Heart • Veins • Arteries • Capillaries

  9. Heart • Made of cardiac muscle tissue • Has 4 compartments called chambers: two upper are atriums, two lower are ventricles. • Heart has arteries just and veins just like any other muscle

  10. Fact • Your heart beats 60-70 times per minute. Each time it pumps 60 mL of blood. How many mL’s in 24 hours. • 5184000 mL’s or • 5184 liter bottles.

  11. Heart • When these arteries are blocked, it starves the heart of oxygen and nutrients, resulting in a heart attack

  12. Veins • Veins are passageways that carry blood back to the heart. • Veins have valves • 2 major veins carry return blood from your body to your heart: the superior vena cava returns blood from your head and the inferior vena cava from your lower body

  13. Arteries • Carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart • Have thick, elastic walls made of tissue and smooth muscle

  14. Capillaries • Microscopic blood vessels. • Walls are only one cell thick • Bloodshot eyes show them • Nutrients and oxygen diffuse from body cells into capillaries

  15. Heart diseases • Myocardial infarctions (aka heart attacks) happen when there is an interruption of blood supply to the heart and heart tissue begins to die.

  16. Atherosclerosis • Fatty deposits build up on arterial walls causing a blockage. Eating fatty foods high in cholesterol and saturated fats can cause these deposits to form. • Not all cholesterol is bad. One type is essential for good health.

  17. Blood • Carries oxygen from lungs to body • Takes carbon dioxide away • Carries waste products to kidneys • Transports nutrients • Cells in blood fight infections

  18. Blood • Made up of plasma (55%), mostly water. • Platelets ;help with clotting • Red blood cells: made at rate of 2-3 million per second. • White: help fight bacteria, viruses, etc

  19. Blood Types • 4 types • A, B, AB, O • Types A, B, AB have antigens coating their surface. Rh factor • Wrong type of blood will kill you • Type “O” is universal

  20. Diseases of the Blood • Sickle-cell anemia • Anemia is a disease of the red blood cells • Leukemia produces immature white blood cells that don’t fight infections

  21. Digestive System • Function: • Takes food and liquid in for nutrition • Moves water and undigested food out • Diseases: • Cirrhosis and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (aka IBS)

  22. Integumentary System • Your skin! • Part of excretory system • Function: • Protects organs and regulates excretion and absorption • Diseases: • Skin cancer, acne, and psoriasis

  23. Excretory System • Includes many systems such as digestive, respiratory, skin and urinary system. • Function: • Each gets rid of waste in its own way. • Diseases: • Gout and kidney failure

  24. Urinary System • Water and salts in • Excess water, metabolic wastes and salts out. • Controls blood volume ( blood pressure) • Works in conjunction with hypothalmus to balance fluid levels in blood

  25. Organs of Urinary System • Kidneys are bean shaped organs • Located at back of abdomen at @ waist level • Kidney filters blood of waste products, creates waste product called urine

  26. Kidneys • All of your blood is filtered through your kidneys in about 5 minutes. • Connected to bladder through two ducts called ureters • Drains urine into your bladder

  27. Bladder • Bladder is where urine is held until you release it. • Bladder is an elastic, muscular organ that can stretch to hold .5 liter of urine. • Avg. human produces @ 1 liter of urine daily

  28. Diseases of the Urinary System • A person can live normally with one kidney • If both kidneys fail, a person must use a dialysis machine to filter wastes out of the blood; or else you would die.

  29. Skeletal System • Skeletal system • Function: • Provides shape and support • Allows movement and is where red blood cells are made • Stores minerals • Protect organs and soft tissue • At birth you 300 bones • As an adult 206 bones • Diseases: • Leukemia and osteoporosis

  30. Muscular System • Over 600 muscles in your body • Function: • Control movement • Voluntary muscles: you choose to move them • Involuntary: heart • Diseases: • Muscular Dystrophy

  31. Muscles • 3 types • Skeletal: attached to bones to help you move • Cardiac: heart • Smooth: intestines, bladder, blood vessels, internal organs

  32. Nervous System • Function: • Responds to stimuli to maintain homeostasis • Central nervous is your brain and spinal cord. • Peripheral nervous system is all the nerves other than the CNS

  33. Brain • Three main parts: • Cerebrum • Cerebellum • Brain stem • You also have a left and right half

  34. Brain • Your brain contains @ 100 billion neurons • Cerebrum: interprets input from senses • Controls movement • Responsible for learning and memory

  35. Brain • Cerebellum • Responsible for coordinating your muscles and balance • Keeps you from falling down when you walk

  36. Brain • Brain stem • Controls involuntary actions such as breathing and heartbeat • Diseases: • Multiple Sclerosis and Alzheimers

  37. Endocrine System • Endocrine system produces chemicals that control many of the body’s daily activities as well as long term changes such as growth and development

  38. Endocrine • Endocrine system made up of glands • Glands produce hormones • Hormones are chemicals that turn off, turn on or speed up, slow down the activities of organs and tissues

  39. Endocrine • Each gland produces a different hormone responsible for a different task. Adrenal glands produce adrenaline • Testes produce testosterone • Ovaries produce estrogen

  40. Lymphatic System • Function: • Fluid is collected and returned from the body tissues to the blood by the lymphatic system • No heart-like structure • Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell • Tonsils, thymus and spleen are part of system

  41. Immune System • Body has 3 lines of defense: skin, breathing passages, mouth and stomach. • Pathogens land on skin and most are destroyed by chemicals in oil and sweat.

  42. Immune • Pathogens get through skin usually only when there is break in skin: a scab quickly forms to protect pathway.

  43. Immune • Breathing: pathogens enter but are trapped and destroyed by mucus layer. Cilia in nose move accumulated material out.

  44. “T” Cells & “B”Cells • T- cells identify pathogens by identifying a chemical marker on the pathogen called an antigen • Some T cells attack pathogen; others activate B cells.

  45. Immune • Pathogens found in food are destroyed first by saliva, and then by powerful acids in stomach • Diseases: • Asthma and Chrohn’s disease

  46. Reproductive System • Function: • procreation • Sexual reproduction involves the production of eggs by the female and sperm by the male, which join together during fertilization. • Each sex cell (egg or sperm) contains half (23) of the chromosomes required. (46 for humans)

  47. Male Reproductive System • Parts and pieces: • Testes, scrotum, and penis • Testes - produce sperm; also produce the hormone, testosterone. • Scrotum: external pouch that hold testes • Penis: external organ

  48. Female reproductive system • Role is to produce eggs and if fertilized, nourish young until birth. • Parts and pieces: ovaries, uterus and vagina • Ovaries produce eggs • Uterus: hollow muscular organ the size of a pear • Vagina: muscular passageway; birth canal

  49. Reproductive system • Diseases: • STD’s, cervical cancer, and prostate cancer

More Related