HAM DALAM BIDANG YANKES/NAKES

HAM DALAM BIDANG YANKES/NAKES H.M. HADI S.

Pengertian HAM • Tap. MPR No. XVII/MPR/1998: HAM. HAM = hak-hakdasarygmelekat pd dirimanusiasecarakodrati, universal, & abadisbganugerahTuhan YME, meliputihakutkhidup, berkeluarga, mengembangkandiri, kemerdekaan, berkomunikasi, keamanan, kesejahteraan, ygo.kitutdkbolehdiabaikan / dirampas o/ siapapun. Selanjutnyamanusiajugamempunyaihak & tggngjawabygtimbulsbgakibatperkembangankehidupandlmmasy., • Ps 281 (1) UUD’45 …

Ps 281 (1) UUD ‘45 Hakutkhidup, tdkdisiksa, kemerdekaanpikiran & hati-nurani, beragama, tdkdiperbudak, diakuisbgpribadidihdpnhukum, & tdkdituntutatasdasarhukumygberlakusurut = HAM ygtdkdptdikurangidlmkeadaanapapun,

SumberHukum • UU / Peraturan per-UU-an • Adat-kebiasaan • Traktat • Yurisprudensi • Doktrin

BbgSbrHukumterkait HAM & Yankes • Universal Declaration of Human Rights • Tap MPR No. XVII/MPR/1998: HAM • UUD ‘45 (Bab XA: HAM / Ps. 28 A – 28 J.), • UU No. 39/’99: HAM • UU No. 8/1999: Perlind. Konsumen • UU No. 29/2004: Pradok • UU No. 36/2009: Kes • UU No. 44/2009: RS • Permenkes No. 290 / 2008: PTK • Doktrin • Dll.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights • Art. 3: Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person, • Art. 8: Everyone has the right to an effective remedy … • Art. 25: Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing, and medical care … and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, …

Int’l Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights • Art. 1: All peoples have the right of self determination (TROS)… • Art. 10 par. 2: Special protection should accorded to mothers during a reasonable period before and after childbirth. … • Art. 12 par. 1: The States Parties recognize the right of everyone of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health … etc.,

Int’l Covenant on Civil and Political Rights • Art. 1 par. 1: All peoples have the right of self determination. (TROS) … • Art. 6: Every human being has the inherent right to life. This right shall be protected by law. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life, • Art. 7: No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading or punishment. In particular, no one shall be subjected without his free consent to medical or scientific experimentation, • Art. 24: 1. Every child shall have, without any discrimination as to race, colour, sex, language, religion, national or social origin, property or birth, the right to such measures of protection as are required by his status as a minor, … 2. …

Tap MPR No. XVII/MPR/1998: HAM • Ps 1 Setiaporangberhakutkhidup, mempertanyakanhidup & kehidupannya, • Ps 2 Setiaporangberhakmmbtkkel & lanjutkanketurunanmelperkawinanygsah, • Ps 3 Setiaporangberhakutktumbuh & berkembangsecaralayak, • Ps 27 Setiaporangberhakhidupsejahteralahir-batin, • Ps 28 Setiaporangberhakatas ling hidupygbaik & sehat, • Dst.

Bab XA UUD ’45: HAM UUD ‘45 Bab XA HAM : Ps 28A – 28J • Ps 28A: Hakhidup … • Ps 28B: (1) Hakmmbentukkel & keturunan…, • Ps 28C: (1) Hakpemenuhankebutuhandasar, pddkn, … • Ps 28H: (1) Setiaporangberhakhidupsejahteralahir-batin, bertpt-tinggal, men-dpt-kanlingkhidupygbaik & sehatsertaberhakmemperolehyankes, (2) … • Ps 28J …

Ps 28J: • Setiaporangwajibmenghormati HAM orang lain … • Dlmmenjalankankebebasannya, setiaporangwajibtundukkpdpembatasanygditetapkan dg UU dg maksud u/ menjaminpengakuan / penghormatanatashakorang lain … (Cat: - bhw. hakseseorangtdkmutlak, penulis),

UU No. 39/1999: HAM • Ps 2 Negara mengakuihak … kesejahteraan, … , • Ps 9 Setiaporangberhak u/ hidup, pertahankanhidup, & tingkatkantarafhidupnya, • Ps 14 Setiaporangberhak u/ berkomunikasi & perolehinformasiygdiperlukan … , • Ps 21 Setiaporangberhakataskeutuhanpribadi, baikrohani/jasmani, krnitutdkbolehjadiobjekpenelitiantanpapersetujuandarinya, • Ps 27 Setiap WNI berhaksecarabebasbergerak, berpindah, danbertpt-tinggaldlmwil RI,

Ps 38 Setiap WN / orangberhakatas … • pekerjaanyglayak, • memilihpekejaanygdisukaiatassyarat² ketenagakerjaanygadil, • pria/wanitaberhakatasupah & syarat² perjanjiankerjaygsama, • pria/wanitasepadan dg martabatkemanusiaanberhakatasupahygadilsesuaiprestasi,

Norma Jabaran & Concretisasi • Art 3 Universal Decl. of Human Rights: … ttgsecuritytdpdlm Ps 10 (1) Permenkes No. 269/2008: RekamMedis Kerahasiaan RM harusdijaga, • Art 1 Int’l Covenant on Economic, Social, Cultural Rights & Art 1 par.1 Int’l Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ttgTROS  hak privacy / ‘to be let alone’  RekamMedis; Art 7: Free consent  cikalbakal ‘Informed Consent’ = PersetujuanTindakanKedokteran (PTK)  Permenkes No. 290/2008: PersetujuanTindakanKedokteran,

Art 7 Int’l Covenant on Civil and Political Rights • No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. In particular, no one shall be subjected without his free consent to medical or scientific experimentations. Teorihukum: Manusia = raja bagidirinya. Tanpapersetujuandaripasien (manusia) meskipun dg niatbaik u/ menolongnyatindakanmediktanpaseijinpasien = penganiayaan. Karenanya agar tdkdituduhmenganiaya, dokterharusminta / mendapatpersetujuanterlebihdahulu Permenkes No. 290/2008: PTK

Privacy – Security • Ps 28J (2) UUD ‘45 = haktdkmutlak (tmskhak privacy – security) • Juga TROS tdkmutlak, a.t. tgtkomunitinya tokohmasy / orangygberperanandlmsejarah, biasanyamempunyaiprivacy ygamatberkurangkrndianggapmilikmasy. Mis: KH Muttaqienwktdirawatdi RSHS kondisinyaslldiinformasikankpdpublik; presiden Reagan wktdioperasi tumor dihidungnya, mantanpresidenSoehartowktdirawatdi RS Pertamina, kondisinyaslldiumumkankpdpublik,

Yurisprudensi (Haktdkmutlak) • Kasus Tatiana Tarasoff • Dll.

SEKIAN

HAM DALAM BIDANG YANKES/NAKES