Willfred Carr 2008 There is two problems with action research; the first is ACTION and the second is RESEARCH

1. Willfred Carr 2008 There is two problems with action research; the first is ACTION and the second is RESEARCH

2. Uneasy Bedfellows I Scientific Research Action Research

3. Uneasy bedfellows II Scientific Research Action Research

4. Another arena, another kind of rules Critical educational researcher

5. Action Research as professional dancing twobecomingone

6. Sisters are circling for themselves

7. EITHER - OR near/close – at a distance private/individual – public/general subjective - objective action – prerequisites/consequences actor/subject – object to be observed everyday actions - experiments qualitative – quantitative to understand – to explain culture – structure contextuality - generalizations explorative – verifying/confirming Inductive– abductive – deductive Polyphony – The Truth

8. BOTH AND near/close – at a distance private/individual – public/general subjective - objective action – prerequisites/consequences actor/subject – object to be observed everyday actions - experiments qualitative – quantitative to understand – to explain culture – structure contextuality - generalizations explorative – verifying/confirming Inductive– abductive – deductive Polyphony – The Truth knowledge-in/on-action, reflection-in/on-action tacit knowledge

9. Praxis-related research: Servingtwo masters? Requirements of academic report and aspects of praxis-related research New knowledge Change of praxis Inquiry Inquiryculture Examination Trustworthiness Perspective Critical approach Form Communication Science Action research Relevance Relevance Theory Theory-praxis Autonomy Integrity Method Empowerment Analysis Reflection Ethics Solidarity An empiricalfield Life experiences Mattsson & Kemmis 2007

10. ACTION RESEARCH is a form of collective self-reflective inquiry undertaken by participants in social situations in order to improve the rationality and justiceof their own social or educational practices, as well as their understanding of those practices and the situations in which the practices are carried out. The approach is only action research whenit is collaborative, though it is important to realise that action research of the group is achieved through the critically examined action of individual group members. Kemmis and McTaggart 1988, 5-6

11. ACTION RESEARCH can only be made intelligible as a mode of inquiry that aspires to create and nurture dialogical communities [ .. ] form of inquiry that recognized that practical knowledge and understanding can only be developed and advanced by practitioners engaging in the kind of dialogue and conversation through which the tradition-embedded nature of the assumptions in their practice can be made explicit and their collective understandingof praxis can be transformed. Carr 2006, 433

12. ACTION RESEARCH Participatory, democratic process concerned with developing practical knowing in the pursuit of worthwhile human purposes, grounded in a participatory worldview which we believe is emerging at this historical moment. It seeks to bring together action and reflection, theory and practice, in participation with others, in the pursuit of practical solutions to issues of pressing concern to people, and more generally the flourishing of individual persons and their communities. Reason & Bradbury 2006, 1

13. ACTION RESEARCH .. refers to a practical way of looking at your own work to check that it is as you would like it to be. Because action research is done by you, the practitioner, it is often referred to as practitioner based research; and because it involves you thinking about and reflecting on your work, it can also be called a form of self-reflective practice. The idea of self reflection is central. In traditional forms of research – empirical research – researchers do research on other people. In action research, researchers do research on themselves. Empirical researchers enquire into other people’s lives. Action researchers enquire into their own. McNiff 2002

14. ACTION RESEARCH Karin Rönnerman (2004, 13) Practice/action as a basis/starting point The researcher & the practitioner in collaboration Research aiming at change Arja Kuula (1999, 10) Problembased and oriented towards practice The involvement of those to be ”researched” Research oriented towards change

15. ‘Action researchis not a ‘method’ or a ‘procedure’ for research but a series of commitments to observe and problematize through practice a series of principles for conducting social enquiry’. The notion of a spiral may be a useful teaching device – but it is all too easily to slip into using it as the template for practice McTaggart 1996, 249 Action research express explicitly both the aim and the method. It is about changing peoples ways of thinking and acting or changing the social and material conditions. Tiller 1999, 53

16. Easy bedfellows RESEARCH LEARNING Systematic, analytical and pragmatic inquiry with the members of a community or organization in order to improve actions and affect the contexts of the actions Intentional, continuous collegial process of learning and reflection in order to improve actions and affect the contexts of the actions ACTION ACTION Critical distance engaged immediacy

17. Folk enlightenment Study circles Research circles Social work Community work/development Community adult education Community-based Emancipatory Critical Practical Popular education Social movements ACTION RESEARCH collaborative science learning participatory interactive inquiry Co-operative inquiry Teacher research Classroom research Teacher-as-researcher Communicative research Self-reflectice inquiry Praxis-related/close research

18. FOLK ENLIGHTENMENT – STUDY CIRCLES THE ENLIGHTENING DISPORTS (knowlegde + experience, engagement, affection) SOCIOCULTURAL, -CONSTRUCTIVIST, -COGNITIVE configuration of learning and knowlegde Liberte, equalite, fraternite!

19. Welfare state Democracy, generality, equality, accessability, Civil society participation, engagement, networks, associations Collaborative, experiential, informal learning deliberation – communication - action Participatory Action Research Folk enlightenment Study circles Collaborative knowledge construction for social change Working life University labour unions, social work Research circles Collaboration and partnerships between researchers and practitioners Critical-emancipatory/Practical Theoretical perspective Technical perspective Growing as a human being Becoming a citizen Developing as an engaged worker AR encompassing the personal, the political and the professional BILDUNG A humanist conception and construction of human being(s)

20. ACTION RESEARCH As human development, as adult learning Systematic and conscious deliberative negotiations about what it means to be a human being and finding out meaningsful ways of becoming more human in a certain social practice.