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Rise of Industrialism. M. Gonzalez World History . 2.1A: Traditional or Pre-Industrial Society. 2.1A: Traditional or Pre-industrial society. England was organized into farming villages Grew enough food for itself Lived to survive; no hobbies. Peasants lived at subsistence l evel
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Rise of Industrialism M. Gonzalez World History
2.1A: Traditional or Pre-industrial society • England was organized into farming villages • Grew enough food for itself • Lived to survive; no hobbies. • Peasants lived at subsistence level • Forces for change • Population growth meant farmers needed to produce more food for more people. • French blockade prohibited corn imports from France
2.1B: The Agricultural Revolution • Enclosure Movement: • Wealthy landlords fenced in common pastures and experimented with new farming techniques • Crop Rotation: • Fields depleted of nutrients by one crop replenished by planting different crops • Other discoveries: • Seed drill, JethroTull, planted seeds efficiently • Results of Agricultural Revolution • More food available • Population increased
2.1C: Cottage Industry and Early Capitalism • Merchant’s role in cottage industry • Supplied materials—wool and cotton– to be spun • Took supplies from spinning cottage to weaving cottage to dying cottage to sell finished cloth • Sell product for more than material and labor costs= profit + larger investment = higher profit • Capitalism • Economic system based on private ownership, free competition and profit
2.1C: Cottage Industry and Early Capitalism • Effect on the Cottage industry • Big profit for new class of merchants • Alternative sources of income for peasants
2.1D: the Textile Industry and Factory System • Textile Industry Invented • Cottage industry couldn’t keep up with demand of textiles • Spinning jenny, water frame, spinning mule improved spinning • Cotton gin separated seeds for cotton • Rise of the Factory • New machines, too big for homes, were put in factories • Factories located near power source: coal, iron, water
2.1D: the Textile Industry and Factory System • Effect of Textile Factories in Britain • Prices of mass-produced textiles were much lower than hand-produced items • Britain’s textile industry increased enormously • Majority of villagers forced to leave to find work in urban factories
2.1E: Steam Engine: Energy for the Industrial Revolution • The need for Energy • Early factories relied on horses, oxen and water mills • Steam engine evolved in response to the increasing need for power • How steam engine works • Steam forced from high to low pressure produces power (James Watt inventor of steam engine) • Effect of steam engine • Steam power, used where ever coal existed
2.1 F: Iron and Coal: Energy for the Industrial Revolution • The Need for Iron • Farming tools, new factory machines, railways • Smelting makes iron more pure, but requires carbon. • The Need for coal • Carbor necessary for smelting iron • Steam engines powered by coal • Effect of Iron and Coal • Britain produced more iron than any other country • Coal powered Britain’s enormous navy
2.1 G: Transportation • The need for transportation • Increased production; increased the need to transport goods quickly and cheaply • Traditional society used horses, mules and dirt roads • Inventions • Stone and eventually asphalt roads • Canals • Railroads in 1829 • Effect of Railroads • Expanded rapidly through Britain • Cheaper transportation increased production and profits
2.1H: Why Britain Led the Industrial Revolution • Geography • Climate good for textile production • Plenty of natural resources like iron and coal • Government • Internal trade encouraged • People allowed to relocate • Build canals and roads • Colonial Empire • Supplied raw materials for manufactored goods • Advantages of Industrializing First • No other country to compete with • Monopoly on technology
