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THE MAMMALIAN KIDNEY

THE MAMMALIAN KIDNEY. Overall Function. Blood homeostasis Excretes waste Regulates blood pressure Erythropoeisis Activates Vitamin D. Kidney. Hilus Cortex Medulla Renal pyramids (8-18) Pelvis. Kidney Microstructure. Nephron Functional unit of the kidney Glomerulus

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THE MAMMALIAN KIDNEY

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  1. THE MAMMALIAN KIDNEY

  2. Overall Function • Blood homeostasis • Excretes waste • Regulates blood pressure • Erythropoeisis • Activates Vitamin D

  3. Kidney • Hilus • Cortex • Medulla • Renal pyramids (8-18) • Pelvis

  4. Kidney Microstructure • Nephron • Functional unit of the kidney • Glomerulus • Network of blood capillaries • Afferent & Efferent arterioles • Slits & Pores

  5. Nephron - Tubules • Glomerular capsule (Bowman’s capsule) • Renal corpuscle • Proximal convoluted tubule • Descending limb of loop of nephron (Henle) • Loop of nephron • Ascending limb of loop of nephron • Distal convoluted tubule • Collecting tubule

  6. Nephron Physiology • Produces 45 gallons of glomerular filtrate per day, but • Urine production is lower (2-4 pts/day)

  7. Glomerular filtration • 45 gallons of filtrate/day! • Passive process • Glomerulus to capsule

  8. Glomerular filtration • Net filtration pressure favors filtration • Glomerular blood pressure (60 mm Hg, other caps are 10-30 mm Hg) • Capsular pressure • Opposes filtration • Colloid osmotic pressure • Opposes filtration

  9. Tubular Reabsorption & Secretion • Proximal convoluted tubule • Permeable to solutes & they are actively reabsorbed • Permeable to water & it is passively reabsorbed • Some tubular secretion (H+ and K+)

  10. Descending limb • Relatively impermeable to solutes • Permeable to water, it is reabsorbed • Interstitial gradient promotes reabsorption

  11. Loop • Urea is recycled

  12. Ascending limb • Permeable to NaCl, it is reabsorbed • Impermeable to water

  13. Distal Convoluted Tubule • Aldosterone • Anti-diuretic hormone • Secretion occurs (H+, NH3, drugs) • Juxtaglomerular apparatus (where precursors of erythropoeitin & renin are made)

  14. Collecting tubule (ducts) • Aldosterone causes sodium reabsorption • ADH causes water reabsorption • Urea to interstitial space

  15. Vasa recta • Thin walled blood vessels serving tubules • Counter-current • Maintains interstitial concentrations • Aids in concentrating urine • Some water reabsorption

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