Revolution in America

1. Revolution in America The French and Indian War to the Treaty of Paris

2. The French and Indian War and the Proclamation of 1763 • After Britain’s victory in the French and Indian War, the British stop colonists from settling west of the Appalachian mountains and began taxing the colonists to pay for the debt of war. • Colonists see the Proclamation of 1763 as placing a limit on their freedom of movement. • The British leave 10,000 troops in America

3. The Colonies are Taxed • The Sugar Act- pushes tax on molasses • Stamp Act- tax on newspapers and other printed material. Colonists boycott British goods, parliament repeals Stamp Act • Townshend Acts- taxes imported goods, like household items • Colonists protest • “taxation without representation”

4. The Boston Massacre • March, 1770, colonists and Redcoats clash in Boston. 5 colonists are killed. • Sam Adams revives the Boston Committee of Correspondence, used as a tool of protest and circulation of colonists’ writings of grievances against Britain.

5. The Boston Tea Party • 1773, Parliament passes the Tea Act, driving colonial tea merchants out of business • In protest, an angry mob dress up as Natives and dump cargoes of tea overboard into the Boston harbor. • To punish colonists, Britain passes the Coercive acts, called the “Intolerable Acts” by colonists, and Massachusetts is put under military rule. Colonists are forced to quarter British troops.

6. “Shot heard ‘round the world” • Continental Congress creates militias • Colonists boycott all British goods • British send 3,000 troops to Boston area with orders to seize all weapons of Mass. Militia • On the night of April 18, 1775, Paul Revere and William Dawes ride to Lexington, alerting the militia with “The regulars are out!” • A shot is fired in Lexington, 8 minutemen die, Redcoats march to Concord and 73 Brits are killed. 20,000 militia-men hold Boston.

7. Advantages/Disadvantages The U.S. Great Britain

8. “You know, of course, this means War!” • British win the Battle of Bunker Hill, the first major battle, but take heavy losses. • Second Continental Congress create the Continental Army and choose George Washington as commander.

9. “He’s such a Paine!” • January 1776, Thomas Paine convinces many people that complete separation from Britain is “Common Sense,” which he names his best-selling pamphlet. • The king is condemned and colonists cry for freedom

10. Yay! It’s the 4th of July!!! • King George rejected the olive branch petition and declares the delegates of the Second Continental Congress rebels ordering them to be hung for treason • The delegates decide to make their defiance and Independence official • Thomas Jefferson writes the Declaration of Independence declaring that all men (people) have natural rights, Government is there to protect those rights and establishing America’s Independence. On July 4, 1776, delegates sign and ratify the document.

11. The Redcoats and Patriots throw-down. It’s on now! • Summer, 1776, Britain sends 32,000 troops to New York. Washington is defeated on Long Island. • Christmas night, Washington lead 2,400 troops across the icy Delaware to Trenton, New Jersey and defeat the Hessians, or German mercenaries, giving colonists a huge boost in morale.

12. “This isn’t finished yet!” • October 1777, Americans win first major victory at the Battle of Saratoga • The British are trapped and surrender • 1778, France realizes that the United states just might win the war, so they declare war on Britain and give aid and supplies • 1779, Spain declares war on Britain to protect southern edges of the U.S.

13. War at Sea, the West, the South • 1779, John Paul Jones had “not yet begun to fight!” American, French, and Spanish navies threaten the big island. • 1778-1779, British forts are seized in Illinois. • Patriots use guerrilla warfare tactics to free Savannah and Charleston of British control

14. “Yeah, that’s what we thought. Now Go home!” • 1781, at the Battle of Yorktown, the French navy cut off British escape, while Americans and French surround and trap the British inside Yorktown. The British surrender. • Though some minor fighting continued, leaders finally negotiate the Treaty of Paris in 1783. • Britain recognizes the U.S. as an independent nation • The U.S. claim lands west to the Mississippi River, south to Florida, and north to Canada

15. The World is Watching • “Revolution fever” spreads across the Atlantic and Caribbean. • 1789, influenced by the U.S., the French begin their own revolution • 1791, the island of Saint Domingue is led to freedom from French rule by Toussaint-Louverture • Colonies around the world begin the fight for freedom and democracy

16. The First U.S. Flag13 Stars & 13 Stripes