CHALLENGES AND RESPONSES FOR WATER EDUCATION IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT

1. CHALLENGES AND RESPONSES FOR WATER EDUCATION IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT • Green Economy Strategy: What does it mean to capacity development? • Håkan Tropp • UNDP Water Governance Facility • SIWI • 29TH MAY 2013

2. OECD. 2011. TOWARDS GREEN GROWTH

3. UNEP. 2012. Towards a Green Economy, Water chapter

4. Some green economy key concepts Strengthened economic growth: Green growth to have positive effect on overall economy • Economic diversification • Job creation • Investments in ”hardware” and ”software • Natural resource productivity: (GDP per unit of water, land, energy, GHG etc.) a central economic metric to measure a country’s ability to create wealth out of out of existing resoruce base • Use efficiency • Cost recovery (taxes and tariffs) • Economic incentives (tariffs and taxes) to change behaviour of water users • Correct market-failures: To ensure market based prices, avoid subsidies that distort natural resource use

5. Green Economy Strategy: Kazakhstan • By 2050 Kazakhstan aspires to be among the top 30 most developed countries in the world • Closing the widening gap between water supply and demand is among top priorities (others.agric, energy, solid waste and pollution) • Priorities set to 2030 includes: • Reduce stress on key natural resources (water and land) • Improve ageing infra-structure (irrigation, energy, WSS) • Reduce pollution (water, air) • Increase national security (reduce water dependence)

6. Governance framework identifies key action areas based on current status assessment • Steps • Current status/key issues • Improvement options and ideas • Create a fact base for decision making • Inconsistent and insufficient data on available water resource and use • Environmental discharge is estimated post-factum based on unreliable assumptions • Install modern on-the-ground metering equipment and use satellites to monitor use and quality of water resources • Create modern IT system for data collection and analysis • Launch studies on minimal environmental discharge requirements, climate impact, etc. • a • Sectors are making the plans indepen-dently disregard of water needs • Trade-offs between sectors, environmental discharge are not systematically resolved • Create clear water requirement and development plans from all users, set clear constraints and efficiency targets • Joint planning and revision on basin and nation level between water authorities, users and environmental organizations • Set transparent water abstraction limits encouraging efficiency to the benchmark • Provide authority and executive power for local basin governance to ensure implementation and link with local users and communities • Create cross-sector decision platform and transparent water saving limit system • b • Limits are set according to historical water consumption levels • High year-on-year uncertainty and low transparency • Lack and aging abstraction measuring devices • Basin governance has no enforcement mechanism to control efficiency measures and quotas implementation • Encourage installation of ground metering water abstraction, assisted by satellites and indirect measurements • Track limits and discharge quality compliance • Monitor and enforce compliance • c • Fragmented ownership of infrastructure • Unclear decision making and responsibility for investments • Provide functioning infrastructure • Ownership • Investment decisions • Clear ownership rights for land, water and infrastructure objects, decide on objects that are not belonging to anyone • Encourage private investment in infrastructure restoration • Revise providers incentive schemes and infrastructure maintenance and upgrade standards • d

7. Average annual water inflow to Kazakhstan from transboundary rivers, Bcm Currently out of 100 bcm of surface resources 45 bcm flow from transboundary rivers, till 2050 the inflow can decrease by 50% • Average inflow assumed in the model calculations • Agreement on river stock division is not signed • China is expanding economic activity in the region: • Canal to oil fields in Karamay • Decrease of inflow worsen ecology of the river by increasing pollutants concentration • 5,9 • Irtysh basin • (Irtysh river) • 0,91 • -100% • 0 • China is aggressively increasing water abstraction: • Irrigated area planned increase (mainly cotton) • Hydro-power stations and dams are emerging on the river • Creation of urbanized areas and population transfer • Inflowing water and consequently Balkhash lake and Ili water quality is closely linked to economic activity in China • 12,2 • -39% • Balkhash-Alakolbasin • (Ili river) • Conflicts between hydro power use, agriculture and natural regime of rivers lead to water scarcity , environmental degradation and flood risks • Aral is maintained with help of international organizations that help to align neighbouring countries • 14,6 • -21% • Aral-Syrdaryinsky basin • (Syradarya river) • Agreement implies 50/50 stock division between countries • Low water years inflow decreases to 0 leading to catastrophic situation in agriculture, fishery and ecology • 7,1 • -80% • Ural-Caspian basin • (Ural river) • 1 • 1990 • 2010 • 2020 • 2030 • 2050 1 Measurements show that water inflow has decreased vs. long-term average taken into account in current resource estimation, correction of 1,6 bcm is included in the calculations ИСТОЧНИК: UNDP - Integrated Water Resource Management in Kazakhstan, Water Resource Committee, Team Analysis

8. Some initial training needs identified for GES in Kazakhstan • Educating enough engineers on ”green” and resource productivity issues – inlcude in university cirricula • On-the-job training for engineers, water professionals, farmers, government agencies, such as through ”Open universities” or create new training institutes • Train future generations: Include ”green” topics in elementary school curricula • Broad communication and education programmes to create citizens awareness and changed bahaviour in water use, energy use etc.

9. Conclusions • Green economy implies major social, political and economic transition --- Long term! • Education and behavioral change: Strong elements of capacity development and awareness raising required • Role models and change leaders identified and positive behavior rewarded

10. Conclusions • Think outside the water box: Emphasis on economic development and language of economists • Build new capacity alliances --- across sectors and with other professions • Integrated approaches emphasised! (energy, climate, agriculture, tourism, land, etc. • No blue-prints: Green economy priorities shift from country to country • Opportunity for long-term monitoring of capacity development • Balance investments in infra-structure and governance: ”Hard” and ”soft” CD required

11. Purpose of 5th Symposium Thanks for your attention Håkan Tropp UNDP Water Governance Facility SIWI