1 / 106

Mainframe High volume processing, financial transactions

Types of Computers. Mainframe High volume processing, financial transactions Supercomputer High volume, very high processing used for research and defense Minicomputer Midsize computer used at universities, schools, and corporations

kioshi
Télécharger la présentation

Mainframe High volume processing, financial transactions

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Types of Computers Mainframe High volume processing, financial transactions Supercomputer High volume, very high processing used for research and defense Minicomputer Midsize computer used at universities, schools, and corporations Workstation Microprocessor computer equal in power to minicomputers Personal computer Desktop computer less powerful than a workstation Dumb terminals Accesses programs and data over a network but has no processing capabilities of its own Network computer Accesses programs and data over a network and has the capability to process on its own Laptop computers Portable, lightweight personal computers Personal digital assistants A pocket-size computer for storing personal information and not quite as powerful as a personal computer

  2. Types of Software Applications Business Vertical Custom/Individual CAD/CAM Bulletin Productivity Spreadsheets Word processors Desktop publishers Graphics Electronic mail Scheduling/Project planning Software suites Personal digital assistant software

  3. New Learning Technologies Internet Multimedia Virtual reality Distance learning Data warehousing

  4. The Information Age Timeline 1970’s-1980’s 1990’s-? Infrastructure focused on data crunching and data storage Infrastructure focused on communications, connectivity, and service Shift in information infrastructure

  5. Timeline of Agrarian to Informational Society 1760’s 1860’s 1960’s 2060’s Today Agrarian Economy 2000 + Years Industrial Economy 190 Years Information Economy 75 Years + • Advances in society: • Irrigation • Forging • Concrete • Democracy • Architecture • Economics • Advances in Society: • Early cybernetics • Computerization • Miniaturization • Telecommunications • Space flight • Genetics • Advances in society: • Mass production • Steam engines • Railroads • Steel • Highways • Automobiles

  6. Progress of Technology through Time = ENIAC Current Technology Composed of 17,000 vacuum tubes, 70,000 resistors, and 10,000 capacitors, the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) weighed over 30 tons and took up 1800 square feet of floor space. Completed in 1945, the ENIAC was used for ballistics work and later on for weather prediction. Today’s technology uses vast numbers of electronic components in the form of miniaturized integrated circuits contained on silicon chips. Modern day desk calculators exceed ENIAC’s computational power and speed by far.

  7. Mechanical Computers 2000+ years ago to about 1600 16th and 17th centuries 1810 1830 1850 Napier’s bones Pascal’s mechanical calculator Leibniz wheel Difference Engine Analytical Engine Abacus Jacquard loom Augusta Ada first programmer

  8. 1890 1924 1930 Early Electric Computers First electronic binary computers Z1 and Z2 Hollerith creates Automatic Card Reader for U.S. census IBM founded

  9. Wartime Computers 1941 U.S. team builds Mark I computer, 8 feet tall and 50 feet long Mauchly and Eckert complete the ENIAC, a vacuum tube digital computer Colossus first digital computer Transistor developed Enigma 1940 1946 1947 1943

  10. Electronic and Digital Computers AT&T creates first commercial modem Integrated circuit created 1953 1957 1958 1960 Remington Rand builds UNIVAC 1 first stored memory IBM 650 created; IBM also ships the first electronic computer, the mainframe 701 Minicomputers marketed by Digital Equipment Corporation; Fortran programming language created 1950

  11. Miniaturization, Automation, and the Space Age SRI builds the first moving robot with artificial intelligence 1971 1965 1969 1970 PDP-1, first digital mini- computer with video display; first industrial robot put to use by GM IBM creates the System/360 series of computers; first supercomputer is developed Apollo 11 lands on the moon, guided by the Apollo guidance computer PDP-8 becomes the first successful mini-computer Intel micro-processor; first micro-computer 1960 1964

  12. IBM first micro- computer Macintosh computer created 1976 1980 1986 1988 1990 1981 1994 1984 Personal and Multimedia Computers IBM and Microsoft release the OS/2 operating system Multimedia computers and personal data assistants developed DOS becomes the industry standard Microsoft releases Windows 3.0 IBM introduces first laptop computer Apple computer created

  13. Components of a Personal Computer System • Input Devices • Keyboard • Mouse • Trackball • Stylus • Central Processing Unit (CPU) • Microprocessor • Storage Devices (Hard Drives & Floppy Drives) • Output Devices • Monitor • Printer

  14. Types of Computers Workstation Supercomputer Palmtop Computer Laptop Computer Personal Data Assistant

  15. Components of a VGA Monitor Magnetic Deflection Yoke This mechanism uses electromagnetic fields to bend the paths of the electron streams. Shadow Mask The beams pass through holes in a metal plate called a shadow mask. The mask keeps the electron beams precisely aligned, so that colors are accurate. The monitor’s dot pitch is a measure of how closely the holes are spaced apart. Phosphor Coating The phosphor coating is a material that glows when struck by an electron beam. The screen is made up of triads of red, green, and blue phosphor dots. As the energy in the electron beam increases, the phosphor dots glow brighter. To create different colors, the intensity of each of the three beams is varied. Electron Guns Three electron guns located at the back of the monitor’s cathode- ray tube send out three electron beams for each of the primary colors.

  16. Computer Memory SIMM Single Inline Memory Modules are the most popular memory module of present day computers. The small circuit board contains three to nine DIP chips. SIMMs range in size from 4MB to 32MB of memory. DIP Dual Inline Pin memory modules were once used for main memory in older computer systems. Now they are used as components on SIMM chips and are also used in cache RAM. Virtual Memory When a computer runs out of real memory (storing information in RAM), it employs a software technique to generate virtual memory, storing and swapping information on the computer’s hard drive. ROM A Read Only Memory storage device has instructions permanently embedded in its circuits. ROM chips contain programs that start the computer and perform system diagnostics.

  17. Hard Disk Storage Sector When formatting the hard drive, the computer divides the disk into radial sections called sectors. Read/Write Head These read/write heads move in unison across the surfaces of the platters. The heads write data to the platters by aligning magnetic particles on the surface and read data by detecting the polarity of the particles. Head Actuator This component moves the collection of read/write heads across the surface of the platters with extreme accuracy. It aligns the heads with the tracks that lie in concentric circles on the platters. Track Circular and concentric paths the read/write heads follow when reading information from the disk. Drive Spindle The drive spindle is connected to a motor which spins one or more magnetically coated platters at several thousand revolutions per minute. More platters mean greater disk storage capacity. Sealed Metal Housing The housing protects the internal components from dust particles that could block the gap between the read/write heads and the platters, causing the hard drive to crash.

  18. How a Mechanical Mouse Works Two small switches in the front of the mouse register left and right mouse clicks. A perforated wheel and a photoelectric switch measure the rotations the ball makes as the mouse is moved, thus moving the cursor on the screen. The photoelectric switch consists of a light-emitting diode (emitter) on one side, and a phototransistor (receiver) on the other side. The perforated wheel is sandwiched between the two, turning the switch off and on as it rotates. A third roller is used not for measurement, but instead to keep the ball in place as the user moves the mouse. As the ball rotates it turns the two rollers mounted perpendicular to one another. One roller corresponds to vertical movements of the mouse, another corresponds to horizontal movements.

  19. Major Components of a Motherboard 16 Bit ISA Slots Allows expansion of computer through modem, sound and video cards. Microprocessor Single integrated circuit that executes the majority of the instructions to process data. 32 Bit PCI Slots Allows expansion cards that can transfer data faster than ISA slots. Battery Provides power for the system clock. Power Connector Supplies power to the motherboard. ROM BIOS Basic Input/Output System stores permanent instructions that start the computer. Cache RAM Stores and retrieves information for the microprocessor at a faster rate than SIMM RAM so instructions can be executed faster. SIMM RAM Bank Single Inline Memory Module stores data to be used by the microprocessor.

  20. Modems and Their Uses External Modem Plugs into computer externally InternalModem Fits inside computer Modems can send data from one computer to another using telephone lines. Modems are used in almost every aspect of work. Businesses use them to transfer files, data, and money. They are also used for teleconferencing, which allows people in various locations to communicate over vast distances; these are sometimes called virtual meetings. Schools use them to provide access to the Internet.

  21. Computer Operating Systems: PC Command line interface: DOS Mode DOS uses command lines to execute commands and to run programs. Personal Computer Graphical Interface: Windows 95 or 98 Windows uses a graphical interface utilizing buttons, icons and pull down menus.

  22. DOS Commands Change to different drive Change directory Make directory Change directory Delete directory

  23. Common DOS Commands CommandPurpose dir directory list cd (directory name) change directory cd.. back up one directory c: (d:, e:, etc.) change drive md (directory name) make directory del (file name) delete file edit (file name) edit file ren (file name) rename file format (drive letter) format disk in drive copy (file name) copy file

  24. Computer Operating Systems: Macintosh Macintosh computers use a graphical interface exclusively. It was the first home computer to use a graphical interface.

  25. Computer Operating Systems: Macintosh Macintosh pull-down menu bar Clock and Find functions File and drive icons Trash icon used to delete files

  26. Multitasking Adobe PhotoShop Microsoft Word Microsoft PowerPoint One of the most important features of computer operating systems of today is multitasking. Multitasking is the ability to run two or more programs is simultaneously. + +

  27. Software Suites • Contains: • Word processor • Database program • Spreadsheet • Presentation software • Information management Software suites are full- featured versions of several different programs packaged together. Microsoft Office is one of the most popular software suites available for business, educational, and personal computer use.

  28. Word Processors Word processors are the most commonly used program on computers today. • Key features: • Text formatting • Text editing • Table creation • Spell check • Grammar check • Find and replace • Mail merge • Macros Microsoft Word screen interface Example of a table in Microsoft Word

  29. Spreadsheets Standard interface for Microsoft Excel Spreadsheets are commonly and widely used to keep track of, update, create, and calculate information easily and efficiently. • Key features: • Grids • Number formatting • Formulas • Macros • Ranges • Charting • Common uses: • Keep track of money and financial records • Record information on groups of objects or collections

  30. Databases Two forms within a database in Microsoft Access Database software sorts, organizes, and manipulates large amounts of information. • Key Features: • Sort • Find • Query • Link • Create reports • Common uses: • Address books • Bank records Databases are most commonly used by businesses, government agencies, hospitals, and colleges.

  31. Presentation Software • Key features: • Media options • Transitions • QuickTime movies This software is used to create presentations combining text, numbers, graphics, sounds, and animation. Microsoft PowerPoint software showing layout of one group of slides for a presentation Presentation software showing construction of one slide

  32. Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) Object linking : Object linking is used to automatically update a document any time a source object is changed or updated. Creates and updates Source object Destination Once a source object is changed, the destination object is changed. Changes to a document cannot be made at the destination.

  33. Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) Object embedding : Object embedding is used to copy an object from a source document to a destination object. Identical Object Source Object Destination The object can be edited at either the source or the destination.

  34. Contents Pane Folders Pane Files Pane Windows Explorer Window for Windows 95 (left) and Windows 98 (right) All Folders Pane

  35. Copying a File in Windows Explorer The document Faclog.txt is being copied from C drive to A drive.

  36. My Computer Window: Windows 95 (left) and Windows 98 (right)

  37. Title Bar Office Assistant Standard Toolbar Taskbar Status Bar Clear Document Screen Menu Bar Formatting Toolbar Ruler Insertion Point End-of-document Marker Vertical Scroll Bar I-beam Pointer Horizontal Scroll Bar

  38. Save As Dialog Box After keying the document name, click the Save button. Key the document name in this text box.

  39. Changing the Default Folder Click this down-pointing triangle to display the drop-down menu. Click this option to change to the disk in drive A.

  40. Scroll Bars Up Scroll Triangle Scroll Box Vertical Scroll Bar Down Scroll Triangle Previous Scroll Box Horizontal Scroll Bar Select Browse Object Next

  41. Serif and Sans Serif Typefaces Serif Typefaces San Serif Typefaces Bookman Old StyleArial GaramondFutura Goudy Old Style Haettenschweiler Baskerville Old FaceImpact Poster BodoniCentury Gothic Times New RomanTahoma

  42. Font Dialog Box Choose a typeface in this list box. Use the scroll bar at the right side of the box to view various typefaces available. Choose a type style in this list box. The options in the box may vary depending on the typeface selected. Choose a type size in this list box; or, select the current measurement in the top box and then key the desired measurement.

  43. Font Dialog Box with Text Effects Tab Selected Choose an animation effect from this list. The animation effect chosen above is reflected in this preview box.

  44. Document with Nonprinting Symbols Displayed

  45. Ruler and Indent Markers Left Indent Marker First Line Indent Marker Hanging Indent Marker Right Indent Marker Alignment Button

  46. AutoCorrect Dialog Box with AutoFormat As You Type Tab Selected Remove the check mark from this option to turn off automatic numbering.

  47. Bullets and Numbering Dialog Box with Each Tab Selected Click a numbering option to select it and then click OK or double-click the desired option. Click a bulleting option to select it and then click OK or double-click the desired option.

  48. Tabs Dialog Box Choose a tab alignment with options in this section. Key a tab measurement in this text box. Choose a leader symbol with options in this section.

More Related