War of 1812

1. War of 1812

2. Americans were angry Britain continued to arm the Native Americans. • Americans had a new sense of nationalism – pride in one’s country • War hawks urged for war – people eager for war with Britain (Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun) • Britain started impressing sailors again. • Congress declared war in June of 1812.

3. Britain still at war in Europe • U.S. not prepared (only 7,ooo men in army) • British set up Blockade for 2 years • Constitution –Old Ironsides (no iron, just strong wood) • William Henry Harrison continued to chase down natives and British. Harrison defeated them in the Battle of Thames and Tecumseh was killed. • Andrew Jackson led troops against the Creek warriors in the south. Defeated them at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend. Creeks forced to give up millions of acres of land.

4. 1814 – Britain finally defeat Napoleon and focused on war with U.S. • Attacked Washington, D.C. • Dolly Madison (First Lady) took important papers and painting of G. Washington and fled. • President Madison watched from a hillside outside of town as British set fire to the White House and other government buildings. • British then moved to attack Baltimore by water. • Bombed Fort McHenry throughout the night (September 13, 1814)

5. Americans watched to see which flag was flying over the fort. At the end, the American flag was still flying. • Francis Scott Key wrote the poem The Star Spangled Banner on the back of an old envelope.

6. Oh, say can you see by the dawn's early light What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming? Whose broad stripes and bright stars thru the perilous fight, O'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming? And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air, Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there. Oh, say does that star-spangled banner yet wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?

7. Verse 2 On the shore, dimly seen through the mists of the deep, Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes, What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep, As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses? Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam, In full glory reflected now shines in the stream: 'Tis the star-spangled banner! Oh long may it wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave!

8. Verse 3 And where is that band who so vauntingly swore That the havoc of war and the battle's confusion, A home and a country should leave us no more! Their blood has washed out their foul footsteps' pollution. No refuge could save the hireling and slave From the terror of flight, or the gloom of the grave: And the star-spangled banner in triumph doth wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave!

9. Verse 4 Oh! thus be it ever, when freemen shall stand Between their loved home and the war's desolation! Blest with victory and peace, may the heav'n rescued land Praise the Power that hath made and preserved us a nation. Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just, And this be our motto: "In God is our trust." And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave!

10. By 1814, Britain was getting tired of fighting wars. • On Christmas eve 1814, both sides signed the Treaty of Ghent in Ghent, Belgium. • Things returned to the way they were before the war. • Hartford Convention • New Englanders who did not like the war met in Hartford, CT to discuss secession (withdraw from the U.S.) • When news came of the peace treaty, it ended.