The Romans

1. The Romans Chapter 5

2. Etruscans • Romulus and Remus • Northern Italy settlers • Greeks • Italic-speaking

4. Rome • Tiber River • 509 B.C. Romans drove out their Etruscan ruler • Res publica • Republic – people choose officals

5. Structure of the republic • Worksheet • Patricians • Consuls • Plebeians • Dictator • Tribunes

6. Veto • Block laws • Intended to protect the plebeians

7. Roman society • Women could hold land, attend public events, and run businesses • Upper and lower class children learned how to read and write. History, politics, rhetoric • Roman mythology – Jupiter and Juno • Polytheistic

8. Expanding the empire • Roman army was very powerful • Legion – about 5,000 men • Men were eventually paid and given weapons • Rewards and punishment

9. Maintaining the empire • How might Rome hold such a large empire? Think about how Alexander the Great did this.

10. Maintaining the empire • Conquered people had to acknowledge Roman leadership, pay taxes and supply soldiers. • Rome let them keep their own customs, money, and government • Some would even gain partial or full citizenship

11. expansion • Romans expanded west into present-day France and Spain • Carthage, in northern Africa, did not like the expansion – map on page 156

12. The Punic Wars • First Punic War – Rome wins, gains Sicily, Corsica, Sardinia • Second Punic War – Hannibal invades, Rome invades, wins • Third Punic War – Rome destroys Carthage • News • Paper • Assignment

13. Imperialism • Write the definition • Use it in a sentence • Write how Rome imperialized • Write how the US has imperialized • Mare Nostrum “Our Sea”

14. Conquering is hard • Latifundia – huge farming estates • Slaves • Prices • Unemployment • Greed

15. Civil wars • Legions of the Roman army were loyal to their commanders • Julius Caesar and Pompey emerge

16. Julius Caesar • Gaul (Belgium and France) • Read on 158 • Makes himself the dictator • “Veni, vidi, vici” • Public works, land to the poor, Roman calendar

17. The Ides of March • March 15, 44 B.C. • Caesars enemies wanted to save the republic, thought he was going to make himself king • Stabbed to death • More civil wars • Video

18. Search for murderers • Mark Antony – Caesar’s chief general • Octavian – Caesar’s grandnephew • They started battling each other • Octavian defeated Mark Antony and his ally, Queen Cleopatra

19. Augustus • The senate name Octavian Augustus, which means Exalted One – first citizen • 31 B.C. to 14 A.D. Augustus ruled • The 500 year-old republic came to an end and the Roman empire began

20. Augustus’ Roman Empire • High-level jobs were open to everybody, postal service, new coins, built roads, temples, and helped unemployed • Ordered a census, to tax people more fairly • Lasted for 200 years • Successors

21. Bad successors • Caligula • Nero

22. Good successors • Hadrian – codified Roman law • Built “Hadrian’s Wall” in England • Marcus Aurelius last leader under PaxRomana- Crash Course • The distraction of entertainment • Gladiator video • Interview a Roman

23. Gladiators and circus maximus

24. Greco-Roman • Virgil – wrote the poem Aeneid of Rome’s epic past saying it was just as good as Greek history • Satire – make fun of Roman society • Livy – tells history of Rome • What are these people/writings like?

25. Greco-Roman • Roman sculptures • Mosaic – a picture made for chips of colored stone or glass

26. Greco-roman • Greek architecture expanded throughout the empire • Arches – made out of concrete • Pantheon – temple honoring Roman gods

27. Read 163 • Answer the two questions at the bottom - WS

28. Engineering • Application of science and mathematics to develop useful structures and machines • Road WS • Built everlasting bridges, roads, and harbors

29. Aqueducts • Bridge-like stone structures that carried water from the hills into Roman cities - video • Ptolemy – astronomer-mathematician who proposed that the Earth was the center of the universe • Accepted for nearly 1,500 years and got a lot of people killed

30. Rise of Christianity • Polytheistic and pagan religions • Jews are now included in the empire – reluctant • Diaspora – scattering of a population - Jews • Messiah – anointed king sent by God

31. 12 disciples • Apostles – “a person sent forth” – 12 disciples to follow and spread the message • Romans authorities did not like this because they thought he was undermining Roman rule (why would they need Rome) • Crucifixion

32. Martyrs • People who suffer of die for their beliefs • “The blood of the martyrs is the seed of the Christian Church”

33. Constantine • Edict of Milan – granted freedom of worship to all citizens of the Roman empire – 313 A.D. • Why did he do this? • Theodosius made Christianity the official religion of the Roman empire and repressed other faiths • Two Worksheets

34. The long decline • Marcus Aurelius died in 180 A.D. ending PaxRomana – some say that this is the start of the decline of the empire • In a 50 year period, at least 26 emperors reigned • Troops loyal to their commander

35. decline • Over-cultivation • DIOLETIAN – to restore order, he divided the empire into two parts in 284 • Inflation – rise of prices • Page 174

36. Constantine’s new capital • Moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople • Now the east was the center of power

37. Decline • Economic and political reforms work temporarily • Invaders prove to hurt the empire • Visigoths/Ostrogoths/Huns • In 410, Rome was sacked/plundered by the Visigoths • Vandals

38. Decline • 476, Germanic leader Odoacer booted out the last emperor of “Rome” • The western Roman empire has “fallen”

39. Decline • Mercenaries – foreign soldiers paid to serve and fight • Battles over armies to “elect” their commanders to emperor • Diseases swept the empire • 476 is the “fall” of Rome, but the eastern empire stood for over 1000 years in the Byzantine empire • Page 178 answer the three questions on 179