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Chapter Seventeen The Romantic Era

Chapter Seventeen The Romantic Era. Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich. The Concerns of Romanticism. Expression of personal feelings Emotionality, subjectivity Individual creative imagination Mystical attachment to nature. The Intellectual Background.

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Chapter Seventeen The Romantic Era

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  1. Chapter SeventeenThe Romantic Era Culture and Values, 6th Ed. Cunningham and Reich

  2. The Concerns of Romanticism • Expression of personal feelings • Emotionality, subjectivity • Individual creative imagination • Mystical attachment to nature

  3. The Intellectual Background • Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) • Transcendental idealism • Critique of Judgment(1790) • Art reconciles opposites • Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831) • Synthesis of thesis, antithesis • Optimistic “World Spirit”

  4. The Intellectual Background • Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) • Dominating world power is evil • The World as Will and Idea (1819) • Despondency, pessimism, gloom • Karl Marx (1818-1883) • Universal proletariat, revolution • Artistic realism: social and political • Anti-capitalism

  5. Industrial Development, Scientific Progress • Railroads, factories • “a wilderness of human beings” • Physics, chemistry • Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) • Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882) • Theory of evolution, natural selection • “Social Darwinism”

  6. Music in the Romantic Era:Ludwig van Beethoven(1770-1827) • Pioneer of musical Romanticism • Pathétique • Rooted in classical principles • Autobiographical emotionality • Eroica • “… the memory of a great man” • Classical structure + Romantic elements

  7. Music in the Romantic Era:Ludwig van Beethoven(1770-1827) • Fidelo • Love of liberty, hatred of oppression • Triumph over fate • Pastoral • “Ode to Joy” • Universality of individual emotion

  8. Music in the Romantic Era:Instrumental Music After Beethoven • Hector Berlioz (1803-1869) • Fantastic Symphony • Franz Schubert (1797-1828) • Personal emotion • More than six hundred Lieder (songs) • Unfinished Symphony

  9. Music in the Romantic Era:Instrumental Music After Beethoven • Johannes Brahms (1833-1897) • Conservative Romanticism • Symphony No. 1, intermezzo • Anton Bruckner (1824-1896) • Catholicism, mystical vision • Symphony No. 8, adagio

  10. Music in the Romantic Era:The Age of the Virtuosos • Frédéric Chopin (1810-1849) • Mazurkas, polonaises • “the soul of the piano” • Franz Liszt (1811-1886) • Hungarian folk tunes • Faust, Dante • Nicolò Paganini • Violin virtuoso, Romantic exaggeration

  11. Music in the Romantic Era:Musical Nationalism • Modest Moussorgsky (1839-1881) • Boris Godunov (1874) • Russian folksongs, religious music • Bedrich Smetana (1824-1884) • Antonin Dvorák (1841-1904)

  12. Music in the Romantic EraOpera in Italy: Verdi (1813-1901) • Bel canto • Gaetano Donizetti (1797-1848) • Vincenzo Bellini (1801-1835) • Dramatic, psychological truth • Contemporary life issues • La Traviata (1853) • Otello (1887)

  13. Music in the Romantic EraOpera in Germany: Wagner(1813-1883) • Gesamtkunstwerk • Wagnerian characteristics • Musical flow • Elimination of virtuosity • Emphasis on orchestra • Leitmotiv • Universal drama, universal emotion • The Ring of the Nibelung (1851-1874) • Tristan and Isolde (1865)

  14. Romantic Art:Painting at the Turn of the Century • Jacques-Louis David (1748-1825) • Conceptual vs. personal emotion • Francisco Goya (1746-1828) • Execution of the Madrileños (1814) • No idealization • Persuasive emotionality • Personal commitment, vision

  15. Romantic Art:Painting & Architecture in France • Géricault’s Raft of the Medusa(1818) • Romantic art of Delacroix (1798-1863) • Use of color to create form • Violent, emotional scenes • The Death of Sardanapalus (1826) • Ingres’ defense of classicism • La Comtesse d’Haussonville (1845)

  16. Romantic Art:Painting & Architecture in France • French Realists • Honoré Daumier (1808-1879) • Gustave Courbet (1819-1877) • French architecture • Classical forms, ornamentation • Riot of confusion

  17. Romantic Art:Painting in Germany and England • Landscape as Romantic device • Friedrich’s Cloister Graveyard (1810) • Constable’s Hay Wain (1821) • Turner’s Slave Ship (1840)

  18. Nineteenth-Century Literature:Goethe(1749-1832) • Clarity, balanceabtruse symbolism • Sturm und Drang • Nature, emotion, anti-authority • Sufferings of humanity • Demonic forces • Eternal Feminine

  19. Nineteenth-Century Literature:Romantic Poetry • William Wordsworth (1770-1850) • Founded Romantic movement • “Emotion recollected in tranquility” • Lord Byron (1788-1824) • Tormented Romantic hero, Byronic • Personal liberty, freedom

  20. Nineteenth-Century Literature:Romantic Poetry • Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822) • Atheism, anarchy • Perfectability of humanity • Unification of extreme emotions • John Keats (1795-1821) • Tragedy of existence, peace of death

  21. Nineteenth-Century Literature:The Novel • To entertain and instruct • Hugo’s Les Misérables (1862) • Romanticism + social conscience • Flaubert’s Madame Bovary (1856-7) • Realism, naturalist depictions • Balzac’s The Human Comedy • Contemporary social, political issues • Artistic unity

  22. Nineteenth-Century Literature:The Novel • George Sand (1804-1876) • Issues of gender, moral equality • Tolstoy’s War and Peace (1863-9) • “Natural person” vs. civilization • Female novelists, social critics • Charles Dickens (1812-1870) • Social justice, evil institutions

  23. The Romantic Era in America:American Literature • European influences+individuality • Transcendentalists • Unity of humans with nature • Emerson, Thoreau • Walt Whitman (1819-1892) • Importance of the individual, freedom • Humanity united with the universe

  24. The Romantic Era in America:American Literature • Emily Dickinson (1830-1881) • Balance of passion, reason • Psychology, faith, skepticism • Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter(1850) • Evil in society • Melville’s Moby Dick(1851) • Profound moral issues • Search for truth, self-discovery

  25. The Romantic Era in America:American Painting • Significance of landscape painting • Natural beauty=moral beauty • Hudson River School, Luminists • Winslow Homer (1836-1910) • Realism, naturalism, drama • Thomas Eakins (1844-1916) • Scientific accuracy, objective truth

  26. Chapter Seventeen: Discussion Questions • In what ways did Romantic art alienate the artist? How did it serve to create a more national artistic identity? Explain. • Explain how the industrial, technological, and scientific developments of the nineteenth century functioned as catalysts for the Romantic movement. Cite specific examples that illustrate your answer. • Consider the role of the landscape in nineteenth-century painting. What psychological and philosophical statements are prevalent during this period with regard to humanity and nature? How is this relationship different from earlier centuries? Explain the this change in perspective.

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