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Dr Klaus Schmitt

Practices and Challenges in Mangrove Restoration. Dr Klaus Schmitt GIZ Project: Management of Natural Resources in the Coastal Zone of Soc Trang Province Project, Vietnam. Mangroves.

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Dr Klaus Schmitt

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  1. Practices and Challenges in Mangrove Restoration Dr Klaus Schmitt GIZ Project: Management of Natural Resources in the Coastal Zone of Soc Trang Province Project, Vietnam

  2. Mangroves • Are the characteristic littoral (intertidal zone) plant formations of tropical and subtropical sheltered coastlines • The total area of mangroves in 2000 was 137,760 km2in 118 countries and territories • Depend on terrestrial and tidal waters for their nourishment, and silt deposits from upland erosion as substrate for support • Provide a wide range of ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration and coastal protection

  3. Each ha of mangrove destroyed is a loss of 1.08 tonnes of fish catch per year Mangrove ecosystem services • Mangroves store up to 50 times more carbon by area than tropical forests (Blue Carbon) • About 75% of all tropical commercial fish species spend part of their lives in the mangroves (nursery grounds, shelter, food) • Attenuate wave energy (erosion protection) and protect coasts from strong winds 1.1 Mio USD spent for mangrove rehabilitation in Vietnam saved 7.3 Mio USD annually for dyke maintenance

  4. Threats • Between 1980 and 2005 about 20% of mangroves were lost, with Asia suffering the largest regional net loss (FAO 2005) • Anthropogenic causes are the main drivers of change but also storms and tsunami • Coastal development, urbanisation, agriculture, aquaculture, tree cutting, dumping/pollution, oil exploration and extraction,river discharge changes, changes in hydrology etc. GE image 01/2006 400 m

  5. Threats – global warming and sea level rise

  6. Mangrove Restoration • Planting as such is simple; for example 541,176 mangrove tree saplings were planted in Pakistan in 2009 in one day • Many techniques are used BUT it is important that these are site specific and appropriate (hydrology, species, planting time, technique etc.) • Despite all this mangroves are still being degraded • Planting alone is of little use • What is needed is long-term protection and sustainable management , benefit sharing and an integrated approach to management (ecosystem-based approach)

  7. Innovation: restoration and management • Different site-specific and appropriate solutions • Apply risk spreading strategies to address uncertainties • Innovative approaches • Mangrove restoration: mimic nature • Mangrove management: co-management [partnership agreement in which a resource user group gets the right to sustainably use natural resources on a defined area of state-owned land (Protection Forest) while being responsible for the sustainable management and protection of these resources]

  8. Mangrove co-management • Resource users and local authorities negotiate a formal agreement on their respective management roles, responsibilities and rights (joint management) • Based on 3 years of experience: Co-management is an effective way of maintaining and enhancing the protection function of the mangrove forest belt • Co-management provides livelihood for local communities • Co-management contributes to better governance

  9. Hope for the future • Value of mangroves is gaining recognition (coastal protection, fisheries, blue carbon, call for action CDB COP 11, etc.) • Example at local level: benefit sharing through payment for ecosystem services as part of an integrated approach Non monetary benefits Shared monetary benefits (PES) Clam cooperative Mangrove co-management

  10. Summary • Site specific, innovative and appropriate solutions for planting and management • Community participation and an integrated, ecosystem-based approach • Sustainable financing of mangrove management • Values and importance of mangroves aregaining recognition

  11. Thank you for your attention Management of Natural Resources in the Coastal Zone of Soc Trang Province Project

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