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“ (1) CLEAN ENERGY.—The term ‘ clean energy ’ means electric energy that is generated—

Sen. Bingaman Introduces Clean Energy Standard Act of 2012. “ (1) CLEAN ENERGY.—The term ‘ clean energy ’ means electric energy that is generated— (A) at a facility placed in service after December 31, 1991, using— (i) renewable energy; (ii) qualified renewable biomass; (iii) natural gas;

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“ (1) CLEAN ENERGY.—The term ‘ clean energy ’ means electric energy that is generated—

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  1. Sen. Bingaman Introduces Clean Energy Standard Act of 2012 • “(1) CLEAN ENERGY.—The term ‘clean energy’ means electric energy that is generated— • (A) at a facility placed in service after December 31, 1991, using— • (i) renewable energy; • (ii) qualified renewable biomass; • (iii) natural gas; • (iv) hydropower; • (v) nuclear power; or • (vi) qualified waste-to-energy;”

  2. But Production of Natural Gas from Shale Formations Produces Unacceptable Risks to… • Both Underground and Surface Sources of Drinking Water, and • Acceleration of Climate Change

  3. Shale Gas Production Requires 100’s of Thousands of New Wells Here is one of hundreds of failed wells in PA. There is an unacceptable rate-of-failure to contain hydrocarbon migration

  4. “Since the earliest gas wells, uncontrolled migration of hydrocarbons to the surface has challenged the oil and gas industry.” SCP=Sustained Casing Pressure. Also called sustained annular pressure in one or more of the casing annuli. • About 5% of wells fail soon • More fail with age • Most fail by maturity Brufatto et al., Oilfield Review, Schlumberger, Autumn, 2003

  5. PA DEP Compliance Database:121 Violations for Methane Migration in 2011 1,454 wells drilled in 2010. 90 well failures. 6.2% rate of failure. 1,937 wells drilled in 2011. 121 well failures. 6.2% rate of failure. Consistent with previous industry data, and not improving. http://www.depreportingservices.state.pa.us/ReportServer/Pages/ReportViewer.aspx?/Oil_Gas/OG_Compliance

  6. Natural Gas Systems Now Produce 39% of Total U.S. Methane Emissions Methane contribution to entire greenhouse gas inventory (Howarth et al. 2012, based on 2011 EPA data for 2009)

  7. Howarth & Ingraffea, Nature, 15 September 2011

  8. Why Is Controlling Methane (CH4) Emission So Important? Shindell, et al. Science 335, 183 (2012)

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