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Learn how to effectively communicate and interact with individuals with disabilities or functional needs during emergency situations. Find resources and support services to assist in maintaining independence and safety.
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Individuals with Functional Needs or Disabilities: Tips for Responding Laura M. Stough, Ph.D. Amy N. Sharp, Ph.D. Center on Disability and Development At Texas A&M University cdd.tamu.edu
http://www.gov.state.la.us/index.cfm?md=photogallery&tmp=home&navID=10&cpID=0&cfmID=0&catID=1http://www.gov.state.la.us/index.cfm?md=photogallery&tmp=home&navID=10&cpID=0&cfmID=0&catID=1
http://www.gov.state.la.us/assets/images/photogallery/Katrina/8.28.07.jpghttp://www.gov.state.la.us/assets/images/photogallery/Katrina/8.28.07.jpg
A rescuer carries a young man who is unable to walk to safety. - Retrieved from FEMA Photo Library 2006.
University Centers on Developmental Disability • 67 University Centers for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities that focus on research, education, and community service related to the needs of individuals with disabilities • Centers share a vision that foresees a nation in which all Americans, including Americans with disabilities, participate fully in their communities. Independence, productivity, and community inclusion are key components of this vision.
Administration on Developmental Disabilities (ADD) University Center for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities (UCEDD) Center on Disability and Development Texas A&M University Texas Center for Disability Studies University of Texas Developmental Disability Council (DDC) Texas Council for Developmental Disabilities (TCDD) Protection and Advocacy (P&A) Advocacy, Inc.
Objectives for this Session • Recognize the types of emergency supports needed by people with disabilities or functional support needs • Acquire tips to effectively communicate and interact with people with disabilities or functional support needs • Use technology to find state and local disability-related resources
Deaf section for Hurricane Katrina evacuees at the Houston Astrodome. (Houston, TX., 9/10/2005 --FEMA photo/Andrea Booher)
National Preparedness Goal • Paradigm shift to the concepts of inclusion and whole community preparedness • Includes children, individuals with disabilities and others with access and functional needs, diverse communities, and those with limited English proficiency. • Accessible public information and warning • Accessible housing
Whole Community Participation of the whole community requires: • Equal access to preparedness activities and programs without discrimination • Meeting the access and functional needs of all individuals • Consistent and active engagement and involvement in all aspects of planning.
The Stafford Act • The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Stafford Act) is the law that authorizes Federal assistance when the President declares a State to be a disaster area. • Section 308 of the Stafford Act protects individuals from discrimination on the basis of their race, color, religion, nationality, sex, age, or economic status in all disaster assistance programs. • Section 309 of the Stafford Act applies these non-discrimination provisions to all private relief organizations participating in the response and recovery effort.
The ADA • The ADA is a wide-ranging civil rights law that prohibits, under certain circumstances, discrimination based on disability. • It affords similar protections against discrimination to Americans with disabilities as the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which made discrimination based on race, religion, sex, national origin, and other characteristics illegal.
Who are People with Disabilities and People with Functional or Access Needs?
Using traditional labels, people with… • Physical disabilities • Intellectual disabilities • Visual impairments • Hearing impairments or who are Deaf • Mental illness • Traumatic brain injury • Other health impairments
Access and Functional Needs • People who may or may not have a disability but who require goods or services which allow them to maintain their independence and safety
Who May Need FNSS? People requiring FNSS may have: • Physical disabilities • Sensory disabilities • Mental health, cognitive and/or intellectual disabilities • Chronic health care needs Others who might benefit from FNSS could include: • Seniors • Women in late stages of pregnancy • Non-English speakers • People who are homeless
The National Response Framework states that individuals with disabilities or functional needs may have additional needs before, during and after a disaster in five functional CMIST areas: • Communication • Medical care • Maintaining Independence • Supervision • Transportation
Defining Functional Needs Support Services • Services that enable children and adults to maintain their pre-disaster level of independence post-disaster. These services include: • Reasonable modifications to policies, practices, or procedures • Durable medical equipment • Consumable medical supplies • Personal assistance services • Other services or supplies as needed
Access and Functional Needs vs. Acute Medical Needs • Most people with disabilities do not have acute medical care needs, and maintain their health, safety and independence in their home and community on a daily basis. • Planning to meet the access and functional needs of people with disabilities in general population settings can significantly reduce the use of very limited acute care resources and optimize return to their pre-disaster level of independence.
From left to right: http://www.photolibrary.fema.gov/photolibrary/photo_details.do?id=18526; http://www.photolibrary.fema.gov/photolibrary/photo_details.do?id=15343.
Statistics on Individuals with Disabilities • 12.6% of the working-age population • 12% of the school-aged population • 16.7% of the national population • 21.3% (almost 250,000) of the residents in the New Orleans metropolitan area described themselves as disabled in the 2000 Census.
Civilians Living in the Community These estimates are based on the U.S. Census Bureau’s Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). These estimates are from Brault (2012), Americans with Disabilities: 2010 (U.S. Census Bureau Current Population Reports, P70-131), which also contains comparisons to 2005 estimates.
Civilians in the Community (Aged 21-64) These estimates are based on the U.S. Census Bureau’s Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). These estimates are from Brault (2012), Americans with Disabilities: 2010 (U.S. Census Bureau Current Population Reports, P70-131), which also contains comparisons to 2005 estimates.
Type & Prevalence of DisabilityAge 21-64 Seeing/Hearing/Speaking • Difficulty seeing 171,400 • Difficulty hearing 183,700 • Difficulty with speech 59,600 Walking/using stairs • Difficulty walking 337,500 • Difficulty using stairs 317,700 • Used a wheelchair 28,700 • Cane/crutches/walker 89,800
Type & Prevalence of DisabilityAge 21-64 Selected physical tasks • Difficulty lifting 240,300 • Difficulty grasping 106,800 • Difficulty moving chair 380,300 • Difficulty standing 371,900 • Difficulty sitting[ 197,800 • Difficulty crouching 532,800 • Difficulty reaching 185,700
Type & Prevalence of DisabilityAge 21-64 With a mental health concern 363,400 With one or more selected conditions 256,500 • A learning disability 138,400 • Alzheimer’s, senility, dementia 13,700 • Intellectual disability 25,700 • Other developmental disability 19,500 • Other mental/emotional 100,200 With one or more selected symptoms 162,200 • Depressed or anxious 135,800 • Trouble getting along w/others 41,400 • Trouble concentrating 69,600 • Trouble coping with stress 100,200
Type & Prevalence of DisabilityAge 21-64 • Arthritis or rheumatism 211,100 • Back or spine problem261,300 • Diabetes79,000 • Heart/Artery trouble 57,000 • High blood pressure 89,600 • Lung or respiratory problem 57,000 • Mental or emotional problem 68,700 • Stiffness/deformity of legs, arms, feet, or hands65,700
Nicholas Nicholas is a ten year old male who functions at a 2 year, 3 month gross motor level. Fine motor skills are at 3 years, 6 months. He is slow and precise in all activities. He uses a motorized wheel chair or walker to navigate from setting to setting. He is supported by the assistive technology team and receives occupational and physical therapies. Teachers report that Nicholas is always happy and cooperative.
James James is in the Rising Star program for children who have been identified as gifted and talented. The highlight of James’ 4th grade year was earning the lead speaking role in the class play. Teachers report that James is a future educator because he spends two recess periods per week tutoring other children. He is a hard working student who makes a positive contribution to his class.
Nicholas James Cugini • Nick graduated from Yale in 2014. • In 2012 he competed in the World Debate Tournament. He and his partner made it to the semifinals and were one of the last eight teams standing.
Perspectives • Medical • Problem is with the body • Patients • Rehabilitative • Broken and need to be fixed • Practice, practice, practice • Social • Problem is with policies, practices, environments, research, education, supports • Support = success
People First Language • People who happen to have conditions we call "disabilities" have been subjected to devaluation, marginalization, prejudice, and more. • Think about derogatory terms we use…. • Idiot, Retard, Gimp, Crazy, Short Bus….
Try This… • Always an Exception…. • Deaf • Blind • Autism
Types of Disability • Seeing/Hearing/Speaking • Walking/using stairs • Used a wheelchair • Used a cane/crutches/walker • Difficulty lifting • Difficulty grasping • Difficulty standing • Difficulty sitting • Difficulty reaching • A learning disability • Alzheimer’s, senility, or dementia • Intellectual disability • Depressed or anxious • Trouble getting along with others • Trouble concentrating • Trouble coping with stress • Arthritis or rheumatism • Back or spine problem • Diabetes • Heart trouble or hardening of the arteries • High blood pressure • Lung or respiratory problem • Mental or emotional problem • Stiffness or deformity of legs, arms, feet, or hands
Tanisha Blevin, 5, holds the hand of fellow Hurricane Katrina victim Nita LaGarde, 105, as they are evacuated from the Convention Center in New Orleans, La., Saturday, Sept. 3, 2005. (AP Photo/Eric Gay )
Research and Education on Disability and Disasterredd.tamu.edu
