1 / 21

Acids & Bases

Acids & Bases . Acids. sour tasting, water-soluble extremely reactive and combine with many other substances. Acids. Acid solutions are good conductors of electricity. This is because they are ionic compounds.

kolina
Télécharger la présentation

Acids & Bases

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Acids & Bases

  2. Acids • sour tasting, water-soluble • extremely reactive and combine with many other substances.

  3. Acids • Acid solutions are good conductors of electricity. • This is because they are ionic compounds. • All acids contain hydrogen atoms and when acids dissolve in water, they release hydrogen ions (H+)

  4. Acids • e.g. Hydrochloric acid (HCl(aq)) consists of hydrogen ions (H+) and chlorine ions (Cl-) dissolved in water. HCl(aq) H+(aq) + Cl-(aq) • Common acids are easily recognized because their formulas begin with hydrogen. (H2SO4)

  5. Naming Acids • If acid is made of only a hydrogen and one other element, use the prefix "hyrdro", the stem of the element, and the suffix "ic." • For example, HCl is hydrochloric acid.

  6. Naming Acids • If acid is made of a hydrogen ion and a polyatomic ion: • start with the name of the ion. • Subtract the "ate" or "ite" from the end. • If it was an "ate" add the suffix "ic" and if it was an "ite" add the suffix "ous." Then finish by adding acid. • For example, H2SO4 (a hydrogen and a sulfate ion) is named Sulfuric acid.

  7. Common Acids

  8. Bases • bitter tasting, water-soluble, feel slippery in aqueous solution.

  9. Bases • good conductors of electricity because they release hydroxide ions (OH-) when they dissolve in water. •  e.g. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) produces sodium ions (Na+) and hydroxide ions (OH-) when it dissolves in water. NaOH(aq) Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)

  10. Bases • Most bases are compounds that contain the hydroxide ion (OH-). • Whenever you see an ionic formula with a hydroxide, you know it will be a base. (NaOH)

  11. Common Bases

  12. Acid/ Base Indicators

  13. The pH Scale • A method of classifying substances as acids, bases or neutral • Based on the concentration of H+ ions in a solution Neutral Bases Acids 7 0 14

  14. Acid-Base Indicators • Indicator: a chemical that turns a different colour in contact with an acid and/or a base.

  15. Litmus Paper • Turns red under acidic conditions • Turns blue under basic conditions

  16. Phenolphthalein

  17. Bromothymol Blue • Works best for weak acids and bases

  18. Neutralization

  19. Neutralization Reaction • chemical reaction that occurs between an acid and a base (double displacement) • products are a salt and water Acid + Base  Salt + Water (H+) + (OH-)  Salt + H2O • Salt- a substance formed from the metal cation of a base and the anion of an acid

  20. Antacids • Stomach produces HCl with pH of 1.5 (for digestion) • Acid can irritate stomach lining or esophagus • Antacids neutralize stomach acid • Ex. Milk of Magnesia 2HCl + Mg(OH)2  2H2O + MgCl

More Related