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Adams and Jefferson

Adams and Jefferson. Opposing Views on American Democracy. Election of 1796. First ever American presidential election Complicated by the advent of the Two Party System Adams (Federalist) vs. Jefferson (Dem.-Rep.) Northern Delegates vote for Adams, Southern for Jefferson

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Adams and Jefferson

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  1. Adams and Jefferson Opposing Views on American Democracy

  2. Election of 1796 • First ever American presidential election • Complicated by the advent of the Two Party System • Adams (Federalist) vs. Jefferson (Dem.-Rep.) • Northern Delegates vote for Adams, Southern for Jefferson • Adams wins, Jefferson becomes VP

  3. Adams’ Term in Office • (Kind of) War with France • XYZ Affair leads to anti-French attitudes • Alien and Sedition Acts stiffen requirements for citizenship • Kentucky Resolutions establish principle of nullification – states have the right to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional

  4. Election of 1800 • Adams v. Jefferson Round 2 • Jefferson beats Adams by 8 electoral votes, BUT ties with running mate Aaron Burr • After six days, the House chose Jefferson • Longtime rival Alexander Hamilton actually helped to get Jefferson into office

  5. Jefferson as President • First President to take office in D.C. • Replaced Federalists in office with Democratic Republicans • “Simplifies” the positionof President • South continues to increase in political importance

  6. John Marshall and the Supreme Court • Staunch Federalist, served on the Supreme Court for 30+ years • With Judiciary Act of 1801, Adams had expanded the # of federal judges to 16 and appointed a slew of Federalist judges • Jefferson argued that some of these appointments were invalid

  7. Marbury v. Madison • Marbury, one of the “midnight judges,” sued on the grounds that Madison had not delivered his papers per the Judiciary Act of 1801 • Petition denied with the court deciding the provision was unconstitutional • Established the principle of Judicial Review – the Supreme Court may declare an act of Congress Unconstitutional

  8. Westward Expansion • Jefferson approached Napoleon to purchase New Orleans, wound up buying entire Louisiana Purchase for $15 million, effectively doubling the size of the U.S. overnight • Jefferson, as a strict interpreter of the Constitution, wondered whether this was a constitutional move by a President • Lewis and Clark sent on an expedition to explore the new territory

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