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ALKENA

ALKENA. ALKENA. C n H 2n. 1-Hexene. 1-Butene. 1-Pentene. 1,3-Butadiene. 3-methyl-1,4-pentadiene. Hybridization. 3 sp 2. p -bond. Three s -bonds. p -bond. s -bonds – One C-C, two C-H bonds per carbon atom. ikatan s. ikatan p.

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ALKENA

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  1. ALKENA

  2. ALKENA CnH2n 1-Hexene 1-Butene 1-Pentene 1,3-Butadiene 3-methyl-1,4-pentadiene

  3. Hybridization 3 sp2 p-bond Three s-bonds p-bond s-bonds – One C-C, two C-H bonds per carbon atom

  4. ikatans ikatanp

  5. Geometric isomers have different chemical & physical properties cis- trans- cis-2-butene trans-2-butene

  6. TATA NAMA • Rantaiutamaadalahrantai atom karbonterpanjang yang mempunyaiikatanrangkap. • Namarantaiutamasamadenganalkana, akhiran- anapadaalkanadigantidengan- enauntukalkenadan- unauntukalkuna. • Penomoranrantaiutamadicari agar atom C yang mengandungikatanrangkapbernomorkecil. • Penamaandanpenomoranguguscabangsamadenganalkana

  7. E-Z Nomenclature • Gunakanaturan Cahn-Ingold-Prelog untukmenentukanurutanprioritasgugus-gugus yang terikatpada atom C ikatanrangkap. • Jikagugus-gugus yang berprioritaslebihtinggiberadapadasisi yang sama, diberinamaZ (zusammen). • Jikagugus-gugus yang berprioritaslebihtinggiberadapadasisi yang berlawanan, diberinamaE (entgegen).

  8. 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 Example, E-Z 2Z 5E 3,7-dichloro-(2Z, 5E)-2,5-octadiene 3,7-dichloro-(2Z, 5E)-octa-2,5-diene

  9. SIFAT FISIK • Sifat-sifatFisikalkenadanalkunamiripdenganalkana • C  4, berbentuk gas, C > 5, berbentukcairantidakberwarnadengandensitas < 1,0 • Tidaklarutdalam air tetapilarutdalampelarutorganiknonpolar.

  10. SIFAT KIMIA / REAKSI KIMIA • Sifatkimiaalkena yang merupakanciridarisenyawa yang mempunyaiikatanrangkapadalahReaksiAdisi • ReaksiAdisiterjadimelaluipemutusanikatan( yang bersifatlebihlemah ) padaikatanrangkap

  11. Ikatan p adalah area dengan kerapatan electron tinggi, sehingga dapat menyerang molekul yang kekurangan elektron, yang disebut electrophiles, E+ E+ Alkyl Halides Alkyl hydrogen Sulfate Alcohols Dihaloalkanes

  12. Hydrogenation (“Reduction”)

  13. Oxidation of Alkenes 1,2-Ethanediol Reduction = Gain of electrons Gain of Hydrogen Loss of Oxygen Oxidation = Loss of electrons Loss of Hydrogen Gain of Oxygen An oxidizing agent gets reduced A reducing agent gets oxidized

  14. Polymers are large molecules containing many identical repeating units (100-1000000) Polymerisation reaction is a repetition reaction which combines many small molecules of monomer (alkene) to form a polymer

  15. ALKUNA

  16. Linear Molecule Hybridization Two s-bonds (C-H) and (C-C) And Two p-bonds between C-C per C atom 2sp 2p-bonds

  17. REAKSI ALKUNA • Reduksi (reksidengan H2) • Adisi (Reaksidengan X2dan HX) • Hidrasi (Reaksidengan H2O)

  18. REAKSI REDUKSI

  19. REAKSI ADISI

  20. REAKSI HIDRASI

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