The English Colonies

1. The English Colonies 1605-1774

2. The Southern Colonies

3. Founding a New Colony

4. Founding a New Colony • Jamestown founded May 14, 1607 • 40 miles up James River in Virginia • Lack of preparation • Surrounded by marshes • Disease carrying mosquitos

5. Jamestown • 105 colonists • 2/3 died by winter • Lack of preparation • Disease carrying mosquitos

6. John Smith

7. The Real John Smith

8. John Smith’s Impact • John Smith • Took Control of Jamestown 1608 • Colonists rewarded for harder work • Powhatan Confederacy of Native Americans

9. John Rolfe + =

10. John Rolfe’s Impact • John Rolfe made Jamestown profitable • Introduced new type of tobacco • Sold well in England

11. Powhatan Confederacy + =

12. Powhatan Confederacy • John Rolfe married Pocahontas in 1614 • Strengthened relations with Powhatan

13. Powhatan Confederacy

14. War in Virginia • In 1622, colonists killed Powhatan leader • Powhatan retaliated later that year • Fighting continued for 20 more years

15. Headright System • Colonists paid passage to Virginia • Received 50 acres of land • 50 additional acres for every new person brought. • Richer colonists + relatives (servants) = large amounts of land

16. Indentured Servants • High death rates in Virginia • Majority of workers indentured servants • Contracted to work 4-7 years for person who paid passage

17. Expansion of Slavery

18. Expansion of Slavery • First Africans brought in 1619 by Dutch • Demand for workers soon outpaced supply of indentured servants • Cost of slaves fell • By mid-1600s most Africans in Virginia were kept as slaves

19. Jamestown Grows • Economy of Jamestown grew • Colonial officials asked for more taxes • Poor colonists began to protest

20. Nathaniel Bacon

21. Nathaniel Bacon • Opposed to trade with American Indians • Attacked friendly tribe in 1676

22. Bacon’s Rebellion

23. Bacon’s Rebellion • Bacon attacked and burned Jamestown • Controlled much of the colony • …But died shortly after of dysentery

24. Other Southern Colonies • Church of England v. Roman Catholic Church • English Catholics were not allowed to worship freely • English leaders feared English Catholics would join other Catholic nations like France and Spain

25. Maryland Fightin’ Turtles …Technically it’s a terrapin

26. Maryland • Proposed by Lord George Calvert as a haven for Catholics in America in 1620 • Charter awarded in 1632 to Cecilius Calvert • Colony established in 1634 and named in honor of Queen Henrietta Maria

27. Maryland • By the 1640s, Protestants began moving into the colony • Religious conflicts arose • Cecilius Calvert (a.k.a Lord Baltimore) proposed the Toleration Act of 1649 • Made it a crime to restrict the rights of all Christians • First law supporting religious tolerance in the colonies

28. North Carolina • Settlers of North Carolina came primarily from Virginia

29. North Carolina • Split from South Carolina in 1712 • Economy relied heavily on tobacco production

30. South Carolina • Settlers of South Carolina came primarily from Europe

31. South Carolina • Like Virginia, those who paid their passage from Europe received large land grants • By 1730, some 20,000 slaves lived in South Carolina, compared to 10,000 white settlers Remember this fact for later

32. Georgia • Charter granted to James Oglethorpe in 1732 • Intended as a buffer between Spanish Florida and the rest of the colonies • Oglethorpe wanted a place where debtors could make a fresh start What a nice guy…

33. Georgia • In 1733 Oglethorpe founded Savannah • Did not want large plantations owned by a few • Outlawed slavery to accomplish this • But less than 20 years later…. • New laws were passed and Georgia was soon filled with large rice plantations worked by thousands of slaves

34. Economies of Southern Colonies • Depended on agriculture • Many small farms and some large plantations • Warm climate and long growing season • Cash crops • By 1700s, slaves replaced indentured servants as main source of labor

35. Slave Codes • Slave Codes - Laws to control slaves Virginia, 1705 – "If any slave resists his master... and in correcting such a slave, shall happen to be killed in such correction... the master shall be free of all punishment... as if such accident never happened." South Carolina, 1712 - Any slave who evades capture for 20 days or more is to be publicly whipped for the first offense; branded with the letter R on the right cheek for the second offense; and lose one ear for the third offense; and castrated for the fourth offense. Alabama, 1833 - "Any person or persons who attempt to teach any free person of color, or slave, to spell, read, or write, shall, upon conviction thereof by indictment, be fined in a sum not less than two hundred and fifty dollars, nor more than five hundred dollars."

36. “Tortures, murder, and every other imaginable barbarity…are practiced upon the poor slaves with impunity. I hope the slave-trade will be abolished.” • OlaudahEquinao

37. The Big Idea • Despite a difficult beginning, the Southern Colonies soon flourished

38. Main Ideas • Jamestown was the first permanent English settlement in America

39. Main Ideas • Daily life in Virginia was challenging to the colonists

40. Main Ideas • Religious freedom and economic opportunities were motives for founding other southern colonies

41. Main Ideas • Farming and slavery were important to the economies of the southern colonies