Embedded Computer Architecture

1. Embedded Computer Architecture 5KK73 TU/e 2014 www.es.ele.tue.nl/~heco/courses/EmbeddedComputerArchitecture Henk Corporaal www.es.ele.tue.nl/~heco

2. Embedded Systems Courses • We go through all the design steps of a complete multi-processor embedded system • (containing hardware and software) • Discuss many design trade-offs • 4 connected courses: • Systems on Silicon: 5kk60 • Embedded Processor Architecture: 5kk73 • Multiprocessors: 5kk80 • Embedded System Laboratory: 5kk03 Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal

3. Embedded Processor Architecture Objectives: • Study the processing components of future multi-processor platforms, ranging from • highly flexible processors, to • highly computational-efficient processors • Learn how to program these platforms and map applications to them • Learn how to exploit the (data) memory hierarchy Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal

4. efficiency ASIC high medium low ASIP DSP GP proc FPGA low medium high flexibility Processor design spectrum Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal

5. Your smartphone • 3 Watt • 1 Watt for digital electronics • 1 Watt for radio • 1 Watt for the rest • Battery: 4 Wh • 4G LTE smartphones: 100 Gops / Watt • radio 40 Gops • media processing 20 Gops • graphics 6.5 Gops • 5G LTE advanced: 1Top / Watt  1pJ/op Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal

6. Computational complexity 1 pJ/op Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal

7. Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal

8. How far are we: ARM Cortex-M0+ • From: http://www.arm.com/products/processors/cortex-m/cortex-m0plus.php • The most energy efficient ARM processor • An optimized architecture with a core pipeline of just two stages, enables the Cortex-M0+ processor to achieve a power consumption of just 9.8µW/MHz (90LP process, minimal configuration), while raising the performance to 2.15 CoreMark/MHz.   Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal

9. System-on-Chip: TI OMAP5430 Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal

10. Topics (1) • Basic RISC principles • MIPS example and implementation details • ARM overview • VLIW and DSP architectures • SIMD architectures • GPUs • ASIPs and Accelerators • MIMD architectures • NoC and MPSoC • Compiling code for ILP architectures Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal

11. Topics (2) • RTOS • Neural Network Architectures • Data Memory Management techniques • Loop transformations • Student presentations • based on recent articles Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal

12. Lab exercises • Exploration: • Programming and Exploration using the SiliconHive (Intel) architecture • Programming a real MP platform: • GPU • Program transformations: • Optimizing the memory behavior of your program to achieve extreme low power • Applying loop transformations Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal

13. Exam and Grading • Exam is oral • Labexercises can be largely done at home • Grading: • 30 % theory + • 60 % assignments + • 10% student presentation • Material: • Website http://www.es.ele.tue.nl/~heco/courses/EmbeddedComputerArchitecture • Slides and Handouts (incrementally available_ • Lab material (will be put online) Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal

14. Questions? Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal

15. Embedded System Architectures on Silicon TIVO • Application oriented • smart devices • adaptable, flexible • real-time DSP 1 cm2 1V 1 W 10 Euro … implemented in silicon not a Pentium but a domain specific and programmable ES Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal

16. Embedded System Architect Applications (DSP) algorithms C/C++, Java Matlab, SDL, ... • is reponsible for a strategic • interaction between the • different disciplines • has a basic knowledge of the • different disciplines • is a generalist, not a specialist Embedded System Architect low power analog, robustness/dfm VHDL, Verilog Challenge:permanently confronted with new domains Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal

17. Complexity [DeMan] • Complexity depends on • the number of different component types (not number of components) • different types of interactions • lack of structure in the interactions Complex simple Complexity is different for the architect and for the IC technologist Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal

18. Comparison PC general purpose Who “Computes”, anyway ? Single hardware platform ASAP (as soon as possible) env. adapts to the system (wait) lower reliability difficult to use end-user software unlimited resources embedded system purpose-built and programmable appliance oriented smart devices multiple hw/sw platforms real-time constraint system adapts to the environment high reliability (no reset button) user friendly deeply embedded software running on limited resources BUT: both use similar technology e.g. programmable cores, RTOS (e.g. Win-CE) Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal

19. Embedded Systems: Characteristics • safety critical • reactive: fast reaction on critical control events • portable: weight, power dissipation • mobile: network protocols, power dissipation • consumer systems: cost, reliability, user friendly interface • professional systems: availability, reliability, remote analysis and diagnosis, redundancy • multimedia: text, graphics, speech, audio, images and video • connected through various standards Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal

20. Where are these embedded systems • 70 micro-controllers in a modern high end car: • engine control, • ABS, • airbag, • airco, • interior illumination, • central lock, • alarm, radio, … Embedded Processor Architecture 5kk73 H. Corporaal