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BAT ASSESSMENT

BAT ASSESSMENT. Cross Media Issues Name Expert. IPPC is multimedia Air Land Water Changes in emissions to one media may have an impact on the others Aim is to minimise the overall impact. Cross-media issues are mainly influenced by: Choice of process Choice of abatement.

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BAT ASSESSMENT

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  1. BAT ASSESSMENT Cross Media Issues Name Expert

  2. IPPC is multimedia Air Land Water Changes in emissions to one media may have an impact on the others Aim is to minimise the overall impact

  3. Cross-media issues are mainly influenced by: Choice of process Choice of abatement

  4. Choice of Process: Cleaner technology Prevention of emissions Comparison of the available technology Assessment of the impact of the alternatives on each media

  5. Choice of process: Production of zinc Pyrometallurgical route Hydrometallurgical route Each route has an impact on the 3 media Each route has advantages

  6. Pyrometallurgical Air - sinter plant ++ dust, cadmium, lead Water - Site drainage + Heavy metals Land + Abatement residues Hydrometallurgical Air - Roaster + Lower emissions Water - Electrolysis process O Reuse is practiced Land - ++ Leaching residues

  7. Catalytic cracker Sulphur recovery Sulphur scrubbing Recovery converts sulphur into a product

  8. Sulphur Recovery Air + Acid plant tail gas Water O Possible closed cycle Land + Acid sludges Sulphur Scrubbing Air + Scrubber tail gas Water + Scrubber bleed Land ++ Scrubber residues

  9. Abatement plant: Efficiency of removal and reliability Dust and metals Reuse in some sectors Difficult dusts Sludges Wastewater

  10. Fabric filter Air O Water O Land + Filter dust Wet electrostatic precipitator Air O Water + Bleed from system Land ++ Sludge and acid residue

  11. Fabric filter Air O Water O Land + Filter dust Wet scrubber Air + Water + Bleed from system Land ++ Sludge

  12. We also need to consider site specific factors including: Air quality - local and long range Water quality Waste treatment facilities Re-usable dusts or sludges Size and space factors & infrastructure

  13. Justification should be provided by the installation: New site New process Substantial change to an existing process

  14. Sources of information and methodologies: Brussels conference 1998 Methodologies by Netherlands, Germany, UK Economic and cross media BREF Who was the TWG member of Cz ?

  15. The methodologies rely on: Air quality - toxicity to: - Man Animals Sensitive plants etc WHO data, health and safety data Published effects on plants and animals Global warming effects - CO2 equivalence

  16. Water Quality - Toxicity to Invertebrates Fish Plants Published toxity data

  17. Land Effect of leachate on water and groundwater Persistent pollution (metals, organic residues) Suitable disposal or treatment site Published toxity data for ultimate emission route

  18. Simple assessments are possible Complex assessments are more accurate Aerial deposition on land and water Reduces the issues to formulae - reduces emotional reaction Relies on published toxity data that might change

  19. Conclusion Need to achieve a balance over the 3 media Studies can be very detailed but give a good overview of the problems Prevention is always the best option using clean technology and other prevention techniques

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