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Genetics

Genetics. Flower dissection . Quiz. B. A. C. D. 1. What is the name of the male reproductive part of a flower? (Name ALL if there are more than one) 2. What is the name of the female reproductive part of a flower? (name ALL if there are more than one) 3. WHERE on the flower is the pollen?

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Genetics

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  1. Genetics

  2. Flower dissection

  3. Quiz B A C D 1. What is the name of the male reproductive part of a flower? (Name ALL if there are more than one) 2. What is the name of the female reproductive part of a flower? (name ALL if there are more than one) 3. WHERE on the flower is the pollen? 4. How is a new flower produced? (meaning how does pollination happen?) 5. Identify structure A, B, C and D and write their FUNCTION.

  4. Mendel Brainpop Video

  5. F1 and F2 Generation • Practice: #1: What would the F1 generation look like if a plant with round seeds was cross pollinated with a plant with wrinkled seeds? #2: What would the F2 generation look like if the results form above were self pollinated? #3: What would the F1 generation look like if a plant with tall stems was cross pollinated with a plant with short stems? #4: What would the F2 generation look like if the results form above were self pollinated?

  6. Mendel’s Two Laws: Independent assortment - factors controlling different characteristics are inherited independently of each other. Allele for Purple flowers Allele for White flowers law of segregation -there are two factors controlling a given characteristic, one of which dominates the other, and these factors separate and go to different gametes when a parent reproduces.

  7. Mini Lesson Homo = same Hetero = different Which of the examples above are homozygous? Which are heterozygous?

  8. Probability Sperms Eggs

  9. Punnett Squares Practice: #1. Homozygote dominant crossed with a heterozygote #2. Homozygous recessive crossed with a homozygous dominant #3. Heterozygote crossed with a heterozygote

  10. Incomplete dominance

  11. Codominance

  12. Polygenic inheritance • Skin color • Eye color • Height

  13. Pleiotropy

  14. Pleiotropic versus polygenic

  15. Autosomal traits • Autosomal traits are controlled by genes on one of the 22 human autosomes • Examples: • The allele for free-hanging earlobes (F) is dominant to the allele for attached earlobes (f). • widow’s peak is dominant over no widows peak • Rolling your tongue is dominant over not being able to.

  16. Sex Linked Traits • Traits controlled by genes on the sex chromosomes • X-linked traits in the case of the X chromosome. • X-linked traits have a different pattern of inheritance than autosomal traits because: • males have just one X chromosome. • always inherit their X chromosome from their mother • they pass it on to all their daughters but none of their sons

  17. Autosomal Genetic Disorders AA/Aa aa • caused by mutations in one or a few genes on an autosome (chromosome #s 1-22) • If it is on an autosome, it can either be a “dominant disorder” or a “recessive disorder” • If it is a dominant disorder you will express the disorder if you are heterozygous for the trait or homozygous dominant. • If it is a recessive disorder you will only express the disorder if you are homozygous recessive for the trait.

  18. Sex-Linked Genetic disorders Disorders that are a result of 1 or more genes on a sex chromosomes (usually the x) X LINKED RECESSIVE DISORDERS (most common): If a male carries 1 mutated copy of the gene he will have the disorder. A female needs 2 mutated copies of the disorder to have the disorder. If a female has 1 mutated copy she is called a “carrier”, meaning she does not have the disorder but can pass it on to her offspring.

  19. Chromosomal Genetic Disorders • Caused by an abnormal number of chromosomes • Mistakes may occur during meiosis that result in nondisjunction. • This is the failure of replicated chromosomes to separate during meiosis. • Some of the resulting gametes will be missing a chromosome, while others will have an extra copy of the chromosome

  20. Examples of chromosomal disorders

  21. Autosomal Genetic Disorders

  22. Sex Linked Genetic Disorders

  23. Pedigrees A pedigree is a representation that shows the blood relationships of family members It shows individuals expressing the trait or disorder under study. The chart describes relationship to various members of the family It can also show the origin of a particular trait or disorder.

  24. Inheritance patterns

  25. Genetic counseling Treating genetic diseases • Just treat symptoms (PKU, cystic fibrosis, insulin for symptom prevention) • Gene therapy: replacing the defective gene • Somatic cell gene therapy • Germ cell gene therapy (controversial)

  26. Pedigree Rules

  27. Pedigrees

  28. Layer B 1. Mendel Photobook/scrapbook 3. Blood Typing Webquest: http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/bloodtypinggame/game/index.html 2. Blood Type Mystery 4. PunnettSquare practice packet Extra Credit: • Biotechnology brochure (processes, uses) • As a class: • Baby lab • Article jigsaw • Gattaca

  29. Layer A Genetic Counselor Project

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