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Pertukaran gas pada hewan

Hewan yang tingkatannya rendah melakukan pertukaran gas secara difusi langsung dari lingkungan air Hewan akuatik organ respirasi : insang Teresterial insek : pertukaran gas dengan alat :Trakea Terrestrial vertebrates organ respirasi berupa paru-paru. Amfibi (katak) paru-paru dan kulit .

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Pertukaran gas pada hewan

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  1. Hewan yang tingkatannya rendah melakukan pertukaran gas secara difusi langsung dari lingkungan air Hewan akuatik organ respirasi : insang Teresterial insek : pertukaran gas dengan alat :Trakea Terrestrial vertebrates organ respirasi berupa paru-paru. Amfibi (katak) paru-paru dan kulit Pertukaran gas pada hewan

  2. Organ sistem respirasi manusia

  3. The Pathway of Air Each lung is covered by apleural membrane • Air normally enters through the nostrils • It passes to the larynx (voice box) and then the trachea • And then through the bronchus to the lungs • A pair of lungs hang free in the thoracic cavity • An air tube called abronchusconnects each lung toa trachea • Lungs contain millions of alveoli • Sites of gas exchange between air and blood • The thoracic cavity is bounded on the bottom by a thick layer of muscle called the diaphragm

  4. Pernapasan • Breathing – Active pumping of air in and out of lungs • During inhalation • Diaphragm contracts and flattens • Chest cavity expands downwards and outwards • This creates negative pressure in lungs and air rushes in • During exhalation • Diaphragm relaxes • Volume of chest cavity decreases • Pressure in lungs increases and air is forced out

  5. Pertukaran gas antara paru-paru dan sel darah

  6. Mammalian and Bird Circulation

  7. Respiratory Diseases Asthma • Characterized by shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest tightness • Active inflammation of the airways precedes bronchospasms • Airway inflammation is an immune response caused by release of IL-4 and IL-5, which stimulate antibodies and recruit inflammatory cells • Airways thickened with inflammatory mucus magnify the effect of bronchospasms Tuberculosis • Infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis • Symptoms include fever, night sweats, weight loss, a racking cough, and splitting headache • Treatment entails a 12-month course of antibiotics Lung Cancer • Accounts for 1/3 of all cancer deaths in the U.S. • 90% of all patients with lung cancer were smokers Flu Burung - Virus H5N1 , menyerang sel epitel saluran pernafasan

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