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Shifting power in Islamic Society

Shifting power in Islamic Society. Muhammad had no male heir to succeed; likewise he named no successor However, Muhammad’s closest friend Abu-Bakr filled the void He was known as the first Caliph or successor. Crisis!!!. The first four caliphs all knew Muhammad while he was alive

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Shifting power in Islamic Society

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  1. Shifting power in Islamic Society

  2. Muhammad had no male heir to succeed; likewise he named no successor However, Muhammad’s closest friend Abu-Bakr filled the void He was known as the first Caliph or successor Crisis!!!

  3. The first four caliphsall knew Muhammad while he was alive They were known as the “rightly guided” Abu-Bakr sought to expand Islam through Jihad Caliphs and Expansion

  4. This means striving for Allah • Interpreted in two ways • Struggle against evil • Struggle against unbelievers Jihad

  5. After the first 3 caliphs Muhammad’s cousin and son in law came to power His name was Aliand was chosen to be the next caliph However…. He was assassinated Fight for power

  6. New powerful family came into leadership • The Umayyad's • They split the Muslim community in two • Why? • Moved capital from Mecca to Damascus • Lived in wealth and luxury New leaders

  7. Majority of Muslims who followed the Umayyadin the interest of peace are called Sunni The Muslims that believed that Caliph must be related the Muhammadare called Shi’awhich are called “the party” Two Groups

  8. The Umayyadcaliphate was overthrown and the Abbasidstook over At the same time, in Spain, a Muslim state was built called Al-Andalus The Berbers, Muslims from North Africa conquered Spain but were stopped at Zaragoza Overthrown and Expansion

  9. Warfare and Trade • Persecuted people sought equality through Islam • Movement of Capitals • Mecca= Muhammad • Damascus = Abu-Bakr • Baghdad = Abbasids Reasons for Expanse

  10. Baghdad • Became the capital • Importance: Nearly 1 million people lived there Contributions

  11. Places where scholars translates scientific and philosophical text • Importance: • Expanded Greek, Indian, and Persian Ideas Universities

  12. Math was the basis of all knowledge • Importance: • Used same system developed by Indus Civilization • Used experiments to actually measure their hypothesizes Arabic Numerals

  13. “the art of bringing together unknowns to match a known” Try It: 42+ A= 25 Used Indian math Possibly lead to the creation of inventions such as the telescope and microscope Algebra

  14. Used Greek, Syrian, Arabic and Indian sources • Creations • Doctor’s manuals • Treatments for small pox and measles • Conducted surgeries • Wrote reports • Symptoms, previous conditions, and previous doctors Medicine

  15. Texts • Translation then used experimentation to expand ideas • Architecture • Arches that blended other styles. • “Arches have no limits” • Art • Used geometric shapes and written language • Blends the logic/philosophical with religion Preservations

  16. Pick a picture Write down what you see Write down what you think it means Do pages 11-14 Directions

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